The problems of gender linguistics in Uzbekistan

In modern linguistics, gender studies are an intensively developing field of science, which connects the object of research and methodological orientation of a number of areas: cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics. As it is known, gender linguistics is one of the actual linguistic trends in English linguistics. Similar studies are conducted in Uzbekistan, which is reflected in a number of dissertations and articles, and not always in their titles terminologically designated gender theme. However, in General, gender studies in Uzbekistan have not yet "unfolded" to the full, although the comparison of different types of embodiment of the concept of "sex of a living being" in the lexical (and phraseological), word-formation, morphological and syntactic tiers in two such interacting languages as Uzbek (Turkic agglutinative language) and English (Slavic inflectional language), is both theoretical and practical interest. The generally recognized main directions of gender linguistics are: Sociolinguistic gender studies. Feminist linguistics. In fact gender studies, studying the linguistic behavior of both sexes. Studies of masculinity (the youngest direction that emerged at the end of the 20th century). Psycholinguistic research. (Within this direction, work is carried out in the field of neuro-linguistics, the study of speech ontogenesis, this also includes research on cognitive differences between men and women and their manifestations in speech). Cross-cultural, linguo-cultural researches, including a hypothesis of gender subcultures. It should be noted that a number of Western and English works are still characterized by the predominance of theory over practice, some declarativity, a clear lack of reliance on specific and systematic material of different languages. In the aspect of gender linguistics, research on the comparative study of the embodiment of the concept of "sex of a living being" in different languages, which are English and Uzbek, is of great interest.

English and Uzbek languages, from our point of view, include:

• -    gender and language picture of the world (gender as a factor of grammar, vocabulary, word formation, communication, artistic creativity);

• -    the ratio of categories of face-non-face and animativity in the Uzbek language; categories of gender and animateness of the English language in the aspect of gender;

• ‒ derivational category of personal nouns of the Uzbek language in the gender dimension, wider - noun derivational categories of the English language in the

gender aspect, etc., note that language picture of the world(ACM) is formed not only lexical, derivational-means of a motivational and gender aspects of English word-formation systems studied to date, superficial. English English language morphology in the English audience is still the problem of identifying the essence of the genus category, in which researchers are discovering more and more deep semantic aspects, as well as the study of the embodiment of gender relations at the word-formation level. In" English grammar " the category of gender is considered as grammatical proper (with primary attention to syntactic identification), without correlation with vocabulary and word formation. But in fact, this Ledger is a powerful system-forming factor of the English language, as well as the most important means of English word formation. This is due to the interaction of the category of gender with the category of animateness, since animate and inanimate nouns are characterized by different types of generic oppositions: inanimate are represented by all three genera, and animate-only male and female (except for the word child, which belongs to the middle genus). Behind this formal distinction there are deep functional-semantic differences: the genus of inanimate nouns is mainly its formal characteristic, and the genus of animate nouns is semantically loaded precisely by the expression of gender relations.

In the Uzbek language, the nomination of female persons is carried out mainly through non-derivative lexemes or in an analytical way, with the help of the lexeme Khotin (woman). "The system of person designation in the English language contrasts sharply with the corresponding system of the Uzbek language, in which due to the absence of the category of gender, there is also no regular pairing of names of male and female persons, expressed by word-forming means. In this respect, the few pairs of single - root lexemes like addib - addib, shoir - shoir, muallim - muallim, marhum-marhum are interesting. Outwardly they resemble correlations of the English language Kum-Kum, husband-wife, teacher-teacher, but the specificity of the language picture of the world (yakm) of the Uzbek language is that the differentiation of persons by sex is carried out, "bypassing" the category of gender".

In the English language, in the field of personal names, "gender-gender" are a pair of conjugated signs in the minds of native speakers, so derivative nouns with the meaning of femininity are so productive. The most direct relation to the expression of gender relations in the English language are derived nouns with the meaning of femininity, immaturity and compatibility:

‒ Neighbor, passenger, Uzbek, Georgian, thief, cheat, devil, student, pretender, Christian, Muslim, teacher, schoolgirl, translator, Creator, blockade, beauty, Queen, devil, favorite, singer, sufferer, namesake, worker, long-lived, liar, laughing, guest, matchmaker,stewardess, Princess, headmistress, cousin, signorina, old woman, welder, bottler, goddess, goddess; dove, quail, Turkey, teterka, wolf (wolf), lioness, tigress, camel.

‒ Scullion, the Cossack, turonok, Tatarchuk, Negro, China doll, slesarenok, Pisarenko, shepherd, konoshonok, bartonek, baric, young master; the owl, the goldfinch, wolf, kangaroo, snake, utenis, bastard etc.

‒ co-author, co-Director, partner, colleague, companion, accomplice, coDirector, collaborator, companion, schoolmate, classmate, roommate, fellowsoldier, etnopolitic etc. Thus, the system of English word formation plays an important role in the design of gender relations, which is especially important in the comparative aspect. Naturally, all nouns with a value of femininity belong to the female family, however the relatedness of the derived value of neutrality consistency exclusively to the masculine idiomatic enough; and if from nouns with the meaning of jointness is in most cases possible education with the value of femininity (accessory, accomplice, partner, Accel. co-author), the nouns of nonadulthood are rigidly limited to the designation of young male beings. Both the category of gender and nouns with the meaning of femininity and non-adulthood are vividly contrastive in relation to the Uzbek language and present significant difficulties for Uzbek students to learn, but nouns with the meaning of compatibility find support in derivatives of the same semantics in the Uzbek language: vatandosh "countryman", sinfdosh "classmate".

Idiomatic for Uzbek students is the word-formative design of animal names along with the names of persons (dove, Turkey, teterka wolf, lioness, tigress, camel; owlet, goldfinch, cub, kangaroo, snake, duck). This does not correspond to the yakm of the Uzbek language, in which the names of animals are clearly distinguished from personal nouns and answer the question of neem? (what?). Therefore, when studying this section of the intersection of the category of gender and the wordformation meaning "femininity" in the Uzbek audience, a system of methodically based exercises is needed that contribute to the assimilation of ways of expressing the names of living beings of the female sex in the English language. On the syntactic level, in addition to the General problem of coordination of adjectives and participles with nouns in gender (and in number and case) for Uzbek students requires special attention kind of embodiment of the neuter (generally not finding support in grammar and ACM Uzbek language) in impersonal sentences, for example: In the crash it could kill. According to our data, the methodological aspect of gender linguistics is the least researched, although the contribution of gender relations to the organization of language pictures of the world, lexical and wordforming subsystems of the language is extremely important for teaching languages of different types.

Methodological aspects of gender relations in comparative terms are primarily associated with the contrasts of comparable languages at different language levels, and therefore require theoretical research in this area, and the development of special guidelines, exercises, manuals.