The Svalbard fisheries protection zone: how Russia and Norway manage an Arctic dispute

The Svalbard fisheries protection zone: how Russia and Norway manage an Arctic dispute

Автор: Sthagen Andreas, Jrgensen Anne-Kristin, Moe Arild

Журнал: Arctic and North @arctic-and-north

Рубрика: Political processes and institutions

Статья в выпуске: 40, 2020 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Svalbard and the maritime zone around this Arctic archipelago are central to Norway-Russia relations. Since 1977, a dispute has concerned Norway's right to exercise jurisdiction over fisheries. What are Russian positions on Norwegian jurisdiction enforcement in the Fisheries Protection Zone (FPZ)? How have perceptions and reactions evolved since the turn of the millennium? Has the deterioration in the bilateral relationship post-2014 sharpened the dispute in the FPZ, and has the risk of conflict increased? We find that 2014 does not appear to be a watershed with respect to relations in the FPZ around Svalbard. After the dramatic arrest of a Russian trawler in 2005, the Russian central authorities switched from protest to relatively conciliatory dialogue - with a marked exception in 2011 related to Russian domestic discord surrounding the 2010 Barents Sea maritime boundary agreement. After 2011, incidents in the FPZ have been handled without further escalation, but the situation is underpinned by various factors that might change. Russia’s policies in the FPZ have been a balancing act: always stressing its official position and insisting that there are limitations to how much Norwegian enforcement can be accepted, while also ensuring that the enforcement regime survives.

Еще

Fisheries protection zone, svalbard, Russia, coast guard, arctic

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/148318383

IDR: 148318383   |   DOI: 10.37482/issn2221-2698.2020.40.183

Список литературы The Svalbard fisheries protection zone: how Russia and Norway manage an Arctic dispute

  • Pedersen T., Henriksen T. Svalbard’s Maritime Zones: The End of Legal Uncertainty? The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 2009, no. 24 (1), pp. 141–161. DOI: 10.1163/157180808X353920
  • Vylegzhanin A.N., Zilanov V. Spitsbergen: Legal Regime of Adjacent Marine Areas. Utrecht, Eleven International, 2007, 167 p.
  • Pedersen T. Endringer i internasjonal Svalbard politikk [Changes in International Svalbard Policy]. Internasjonal Politikk, 2009, no. 67 (1), pp. 31–44.
  • Sergunin A. Russia and Arctic Fisheries. In: Liu N., Brooks C.M., Qin T. eds. Governing Marine Living Resources in the Polar Regions. Northampton, Edward Elgar Publishing Inc., 2019, pp. 109–137.
  • Eide A., Heen K., Armstrong C. et al. Challenges and Successes in the Management of a Shared Fish Stock – The Case of the Russian-Norwegian Barents Sea Cod Fishery. Acta Borealia, 2012, no. 30 (1), pp. 1–20. DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2012.678723
  • Jakobsen T., Ozhigin V.K., eds. The Barents Sea: Ecosystem, Resources, Management – Half a Century of Norwegian-Russian Cooperation. Trondheim, Tapir Academic Press, 2011, 825 p.
  • Hønneland G. Norway and Russia: Bargaining Precautionary Fisheries Management in the Barents Sea. Arctic Review on Law and Politics, 2014, no. 5 (1), pp. 75–99.
  • Zilanov V. Rossiya teryaet Arktiku? [Is Russia Losing the Arctic?]. Moscow, Algorithm Publ., 2013, 262 p. (In Russ.)
  • Portsel A.K. Rossiya ostaetsya na Shpitsbergene [Russia Remains on Spitsbergen]. Arktika i Sever [Arctic and North], 2012, no. 9, pp. 1–20.
  • Shchipalov V.V. Natsional'nye interesy Rossiyskoy Federatsii na arkhipelage Shpitsbergen [Russia’s National Interests on the Archipelago of Spitsbergen]. Analiticheskiy vestnik [Analytical Bulletin], 2009, no. 12 (379), pp. 66–79.
  • Zilanov V. Smeshannaya sovetsko/rossiysko-norvezhskaya komissiya po rybolovstvu: ot istokov che-rez doverie k budushchemu [The Joint Soviet / Russian-Norwegian Fisheries Commission: From the Origins Through Trust in the Future]. Voprosy rybolovstva [Problems of Fisheries], 2016, no. 17 (4), pp. 460–483.
  • Kosmo S. Kystvaktsamarbeidet Norge-Russland. En fortsettelse av politikken med andre midler? [Coast Guard Cooperation Norway-Russia. A Continuation of Politics by Other Means?]. Forsvarets stabsskole – Norwegian Joint Staff College, Oslo, 2010, 62 p.
  • Østhagen A. Managing Conflict at Sea: The Case of Norway and Russia in the Svalbard Zone. Arctic Review on Law and Politics, 2018, no. 9, pp. 100–123.
  • Skram A-I. Alltid Til Stede: Kystvakten 1997–2017 [Always Present: Coast Guard 1997–2017]. Bergen, Fagbokforlaget Publ., 2017, 319 p.
  • Hønneland G., Jørgensen A-K. Kompromisskulturen i Barentshavet [The Culture of Compromise in the Barents Sea]. In: Heier T., Kjølberg A., eds. Norge og Russland: Sikkerhetspolitiske utfordringer i Nordområdene [Norway and Russia: Security Challenges in the High North]. Oslo, Universitetsforlaget Publ., 2015, pp. 57–68.
  • Jørgensen J.H. Russisk Svalbardspolitikk [Russian Svalbard Policy]. Trondheim: Tapir Akademiske Forlag Publ., 2010, 100 p.
  • Fermann G., Inderberg T.H.J. Norway and the 2005 Elektron Affair: Conflict of Competencies and Competent Realpolitik. In: Jakobsen T.G., ed. War: an Introduction to Theories and Research on Col-lective Violence. New York, Nova Science, 2015, pp. 373–402.
  • Åtland K., Ven Bruusgaard K. When Security Speech Acts Misfire: Russia and the Elektron Incident. Security Dialogue, 2009, no. 40 (3), pp. 333–353. DOI: 10.1177/0967010609336201
  • Åtland K. Myndighetsutøver, ressursforvalter og livredder – den russiske kystvakten i støpeskjeen [Government Official, Resource Manager and Lifeguard – Russian Coast Guard in the Making]. Nordisk Østforum, 2016, no. 30 (1), pp. 38–54. DOI: 10.17585/nof.v30.390
  • Hønneland G. Hvordan Skal Putin Ta Barentshavet Tilbake? [How shall Putin Reclaim the Barents Sea?]. Bergen, Fagbokforlaget, 2013, 152 p.
  • Hønneland G. Russia and the Arctic: Environment, Identity and Foreign Policy. London, New York, I. B. Tauris Publ., 2016, 191 p.
  • Ims M. Russiske oppfatninger om delelinjeavtalen i Barentshavet [Russian Perceptions Concerning the Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Barents Sea]. University of Tromsø Publ., 2013, 115 p.
  • Moe A., Fjærtoft D., Øverland I. Space and Timing: Why Was the Barents Sea Delimitation Dispute Resolved in 2010? Polar Geography, 2011, no. 34 (3), pp. 145–162. DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2011.597887
  • Glubokov A.I., Afanasiev P.K., Mel’nikov S.P. Rossiyskoe rybolovstvo v Arktike – mezhdunarodnye aspekty [Russian Fisheries in Arctic – International Aspects]. Rybnoe Khozyaystvo [Fisheries], 2015, no. 4, pp. 3–10.
  • Sennikov S.A. Mezhdunarodnye dogovory Possiyskoy Federatsii kak pravovaya osnova rybolovstva v morskom rayone arkhipelaga Shpitsbergen [Treaties of the Russian Federation as Legal Basis for Fisheries in the Maritime Area of the Spitsbergen Archipelago]. Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal [Eurasian Law Journal], 2014, no. 7 (74), pp. 88–91.
  • Østhagen A. Coast Guards and Ocean Politics in the Arctic. Singapore, Palgrave Pivot, 2020, 99 p.
  • Zilanov V. Arkticheskoe razgranichenie Rossii i Norvegii: novye vyzovy i sotrudnichestvo [Delimita-tion Between Russia and Norway in the Arctic: New Challenges and Cooperation]. Arktika i Sever [Arctic and North], 2017, no. 29, pp. 28–56. DOI 10.17238/issn2221-2698.2017.29.28
Еще
Статья научная
QR-код для установки приложения SciUp Наведите камеру и скачайте бесплатное приложение SciUp