The word-forming suffixes not registered by the author and their relation to the modern Kyrgyz language at dictionary book "Divanu lugati t-turk" by Mahmut Kashkari

Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice

UDC 809.43                                        

The dictionary of linguist-scientist Mahmut Kashkari "Divanu Lugati t-Turk", written in the Middle Ages and which has survived to our days, is a priceless linguistic and historical heritage of all Turkic peoples. Scientist S. E. Malov rated Mahmut Kashkari's book as "a very remarkable philological combination" [8, 305]. This valuable dictionary is an important resource for learning Turkic languages, including Kyrgyz.

In the first chapter of his book, Mahmut Kashkari gives an idea of how he created the book and about the Turkic peoples (tribes) of that time, their places of residence, languages, and the structure of Turkic languages (dialects). He talked about the phonetic and syllabic structure of words in Turkish languages (dialects), specifically focused on the problem of word formation and briefly outlined his point of view. Paying special attention to the fact that words are formed by extending parts to the root, he studied and analyzed several word forming suffixes parts that form nouns from verbs, and word-forming parts that form verbs, and gave relevant examples. Ten only wrote: "The number of letters for the formation of nouns from verbs is twelve, and the number of letters at the end of verbs is ten." As you can see, ten wrote "the number of word forming suffixes" or "the number of speaking speakers". However, there is no doubt that the number of members is "ten, twelve", and not "number of letters" or "number of letters", as before.

From the examples in the dictionary, it became known that in addition to the ten word forming suffixes, which Mahmut Kashkari himself pointed out, verbs are formed with several suffixes. In modern textbooks of the Kyrgyz language, word-forming suffixes forming verbs are grouped as verb-forming suffixes, verb-forming suffixes forming verbs from nouns, and suffixes forming verbs from similar words and are considered separately [1, 193-196].

In the article, the word-forming parts that are not registered by the author in the dictionary are divided and investigated as follows:

• 1)    word-forming parts that make a verb from a verb;

• 2)    word-forming parts that form verbs from nouns.

In the materials of Mahmut Kashkari's "Divanu lugati t-turk" dictionary, there are many verbs made with the help of the word forming suffixes. In those verbs, there are the following verbs that make a verb from a verb, in addition to the verbs that make the verbs indicated by the author:

Participle -ra (-ra). Examples: ügrişdi - rocked: beshik ügrişdi - cradle bounced - rocked (bounced) [I, 250]. The root of this word is not preserved. amruldi: qajnar ashich amruldi - the boiling cauldron has been extinguished [9, 261]. The root of this word is not used in the Kyrgyz language. In the Altai language, amyrash is preserved as rest [16, 431]. ashruldi: jük arttin ashruldi - the load was carried from behind (pass) [9,259]. It can be divided into constituent parts called ash-ru-l-di , but the pronunciation in the modern Kyrgyz language is divided into constituent parts called ash-yr-yl-dy . It is clear that the word forming part has undergone a change in sound.

ügrändi: ol bilik ügrändi - he learned knowledge [9, 263]. In this case, the stem of the word has changed, and the participle has remained unchanged (üg-rä-n-di - üy-rö-n-du-which means learnt in Kyrgyz) .

From the dictionary of M. Kashkari, we can cite the following examples of constructions with -ra :

ekrindi - spun : uragut yip ekrindi - a woman spun yarn [11, 453].

ügrändi - learned: är özlüq ügrändi - a man learned a profession [11, 453].

uzratti - increased (produced): he increased the goods - he increased his goods, produced [11, 467].

ävrädi - insulted, slandered: ol sözni aηar ävrädi - he dedicated his bad words to him [9, 283].

tikräșdi - grew, matured: oǧlan tikräșdi - the boy grew (became a boy), the boy grew and matured [10,167]. In this example, the root of the word is the verb tik.

ažrɪ - divide, separate: olar iki ažrɪștɪ - they both broke [9, 247]. In the ancient Turkish dictionary, ad (až) means to separate [3, 50].

säžräșdi - washed, thinned, rarefied: ton säžräșdi - ton (clothes) washed [10, 169].

toǧruștɪ - they ate (with a goal in mind): ol mäniη bilä tetika toǧruștɪ - they ate with me for one purpose [10, 169].

soǧraștɪ - sucked, absorbed, swallowed: qumlar suvuǧ soǧraștɪ - sands sucked water [10, 170].

käçrȕșdi - they forgave: olar bir biriniη jazugɪn käçrȕșdi - they forgave each other's sins [10, 179].

In the examples of soǧraștɪ, käçrȕșdi , -ra(-rȕ) means the relative participle -yr in the modern Kyrgyz language.

aǧrɪndɪ - hurt, tormented: balɪǧ aǧrɪndɪ - wounded hurt [9, 262].

In the modern Kyrgyz language, K. Seydakmatov registered the term -ra as a participle forming a verb from a similar word, adjective, and verb : maara, mourö, kuura, kira, zayra, chachyra [17, 322]. In the grammar of Kyrgyz literary language, it is noted that "-ra is a common word-forming part for Turkic languages", and the following examples are given: Kyrgyz tuura-right, correct, etc. It would be fine, right. Togira, Turk. Dogramak, togra. Togla corresponds to these verbs in Tuva. According to the given facts, the phonetic growth of this word is as follows: туура˂туwра˂тугра|| togra˂tog [7, 319].

This ancient word forming suffixes or suffixes can be found in the modern Kyrgyz language as part of a number of words such as уйпа (to mess), чайпа(tease), сыйпа (to measure), желпи(to wind), калпы(to become on the top), ырба(to become strong) and we can distinguish the roots of only a few of them (chachyra, collapse). In the rest, the member attached to the stem is permanently united and inseparable.

• - ba (-ba) participle . Here are some examples: irpäldi: jigaç irpäldi - the wood was chopped [10, 256]. The root of this word is not preserved in the modern Kyrgyz language. K. Seydakmatov found this participle in the dictionary of M. Kashkari and registered it as an infinitive participle forming a verb from a noun (-by), and the following examples were given: olbup-solbup, jelpi [17, 309].

Also, this part of the participle is involved in the formation of several words in the modern Kyrgyz language: uypa, chaypa, syypa, kaypi, jelpi, kolpi, kalpy, shalpy, yrba, darby, arby, arba, serpi, charpy, tarpy, chuba, shiba, etc., but the stems of almost all of these have lost their ancient meaning and merged with the participle.

Participle -na (-na). Let's give an example: äžnätti - changed: är äžnätti - the man himself changed (his face). The root of this word has been preserved in the modern Kyrgyz language (äž-nätti - changed), but it is clear that the root has not been preserved. ornattim – I installed: män näng ornattim – I installed something. In the given example, we believe that both the ancient root and the word forming participle have been preserved (or-na-t-tim - or-no-t-tum). The root of this word can be connected with the verb ur and the noun ой (pit).

äsnätti: Tanğri esin esnetti - The Lord made the wind [9, 266]. The ancient word is not used with this meaning in the modern Kyrgyz language.

usnattim: män anğar usnattim - I imitated him. The root of this word is not found nowadays.

ağnatti: he threw his horse to the ground. Here, both the stem and the participle are preserved in the modern Kyrgyz language (ağ-na-t-ti - oo-na-t-ty); ulnatti: ol oqın ulnattı - he turned his shaft (arrow) upside down [9, 276]. It does not appear that this word has been preserved in the modern Kyrgyz language.

According to the research, if we cite six examples from M. Kashkari's dictionary of words made with the participle -na, in all of them the participle of the participle -na is preserved as in the modern Kyrgyz language: or-na-t-tim - or-no-t-tum; ağ-na-t-ti - oh-na-t-ty. Marking this word forming participle as an unproductive member, Academic B. Oruzbaeva gave only one example: jaina – be flattered [15,162]. In the Kyrgyz language, other words such as camel, kayna, kishene also have this ancient word forming element, but the root meaning of all of them has not been preserved, but has undergone phonetic changes.

• - qar (-kar), participle -kar . Let's give examples: sızğurdı: är jağ sızğurdı – the fat has melted ; sız - sız (line white) [10, 148]. It is known that the verb -gur (-kyr) is formed with the word forming participle.

sűskűrdi: sıgır ärig sűskűrdi [10] - the cow (dial. cow) is left; Although the verb sűskűr has not been preserved, the modern Kyrgyz language has the root word sűs - sús. Therefore, it is possible to highlight the participle from the composition of the word.

qutğardı: täŋri mäni qutğardı [10] - God saved me; qut - qut(ul). In the Kyrgyz language, the verb "to save" is used actively. It is as if we consider its root as kut. The word kutul in our language can prove this.

ojgurdı: ol mani ojğurdı - he woke me up [10]. In this word -qar (-kar) came in a modified form of the Qur'anic participle. And the root (oj) is an ancient word with the meaning of both noun and verb (Kyrgyz. ogondu, Kaz. oyandy).

turgurdı: är tam tuzgurdı – man has built a house [10, 140].

taşgurdı: ashıç taşğurdı [10,141] - it is left to carry food (in a pot); tash - stone: tashgyrdy -carried away (flooded);

tolğurdı: kőŋlűm tolğurdı [10, 140] - I am full (nausea); tol - full (full, full).

tirgűrdi: taŋri tirgűrdi [10, 159] - God resurrected the dead; tir(g) - tir(ik). It is also possible to connect the root tir with the root tur in the modern Kyrgyz language. In this case, a verb is formed from a verb with the help of the participle -qar.

In the dictionary, the following word-forming parts that form verbs from nouns are defined:

• - qar (-kar), participle -kar. According to the law of phonetic harmony (synharmonism), this word-forming member is found in various phonetic variants. In the "Divanu lugati t-turk" dictionary, it was found out that the nouns were changed into verbs. However, in some cases -qar (kar) is not a root (base) noun, but a corresponding word.

The participle -kar is registered as a participle forming the relationship through the verb in modern Kyrgyz language. For example: жаткыр(put), жеткир(deliver), өткөр(transfer), куткар(save), бүткөр(complete), кайтар(return), etc. Also, in the grammar of the Kyrgyz literary language: "This participle is not very productive in forming verbs, the roots of a number of verbs formed through the participle -kar have now lost their independence. Such a situation indicates the antiquity of this morpheme. -ar ̸̸̸̸̸̸̸-er morpheme is considered to be the initial full form of the participle. Compare: massacre. coal This fact itself to a certain extent can confirm the antiquity of the snow member. In modern times, the vowels in the composition -kar||-kyr differ sharply from each other in terms of their width, narrowness, and grammatically, their relation to noun and verb stems. "The wide vowel variant of these parts -kar is mainly used as a word-forming participle (making a verb from a noun), and -kyr is used as a relative form. However, from the historical point of view, -kar, -kyr are related to each other and are used as a word-making tool," - and the following examples of word-making properties are given: уяткар(to insult), эскер(to remember), сугар(to water), аткар(to ride a horse), омкор (to go down), откор (to feed with grass) [7, 310]. And in the dictionary of M. Kashkari, one can find the appearance of the member -kar, which creates a new lexical meaning, along with the organizational property of relational meaning. For example: tüzkärdim: män anı tüzkärdim [10, 141] - I put him on a straight path. In the southern dialects of the Kyrgyz language, there is a verb called tuskkor. The meaning is to bring straight, to bring comfortably, and to bring the horse to the left side. The word in Mahmut Kashkari's dictionary is preserved in the Kyrgyz language (dialect) with that meaning. In southern dialects, when drawing a horse, it means "bring the horse right and comfortable". The root of this word (painting) is color / direct. Both in terms of semantics and in terms of sound, this word corresponds to the ancient word in M. Kashkari's "Divanu lugati t-turk" dictionary. Therefore, massacre. dial. The word "painted" / "tazgurdu" contains the participle -qar (-kar), -kar, which makes verbs from nouns. In the dialects, it is also called онгор, which means "draw right, make right". It is possible to observe the presence of the part -qar (-kar), -kar in the composition of this word.

In the dictionary there are the following words formed with -qar (-kar):

tazğárdı: är bashı tazğárdı [10, 140] - the man's head became bald; taz-gar-dı. Although this word has not been preserved, its root (taz - таз) is a word actively used in the modern Kyrgyz language.

ıçkärdi – introduced [9, 241]. The root of this word (iç - ich) is clear, the Koranic participle (-kär) that is false to it has no meaning in the modern Kyrgyz language.

sarğardı: sarğardı näŋ [10, 148]. - the thing turned yellow; sar - sar(y): Your sarcastic scarf, your walk makes you laugh (Toqtogul); Kyrgyz sardar is said and preserved according to that: if you run a sargara, you will turn red (proverb).

suwğárdı: ol at suwğárdı [10, 149] - he watered the horse; suw - water: suğar - water. This word has been kept in its original form.

sűtkärdi: juğurt sűtkärdi [10, 149] - the curd became like milk; sűt - milk; The form sűtkärdi- milkman is not preserved, but both the stem and the participle in this word are clear.

kűzgärdi: őžläk kűzgärdi [10, 156] – time was autumn; kűz - autumn: kűzgär - be autumn. çɪnǧardɪ - made it true, reached the truth: ol ɪșɪǧ çɪnǧardɪ - he made the case true [10,144]. angar - made him swear: he made him swear - he made him swear [11, 411].

sanǧardɪ - counted: ol anɪ kișidän sanǧardɪ - he counted him like a man (as a man) [10, 149].

ezkerdi - remembered (heard), accepted: he remembered a small word - he remembered a small (dirty) word, he remembered a yavuz nen - he understood a bad thing as good [13, 411].

Also -kyr can be found in the composition of verbs made from similar words: katkyr (Alt. katky,katkyr - laugh), koshkur (Turk. kushku - fear) [7, 310 ].

• - ar (-ar) word forming suffix. It became known that this word forming participle can be found with several phonetic variants in the work "Divanu lugati-t Turk" by M.Kashkari. It can be seen from the following examples in the dictionary that nouns are linked to stems (bases) and form verbs.

Kabardy: bash Kabardy [10, 55] - head became purple because of injury or the head is swollen (translated from Uzbek - yara shishdi).

Based on the facts of the modern Kyrgyz language, it is difficult to say that the root of this word (kab) is a noun. Kyrgyz kabardi retains its ancient meaning. A.T.Kaidarov clearly shows the structural appearance of this root: “drip (qap) - something swollen, inflated: kabar- < drip + ar -swell, swell, swell (about a blister, swollen lice, etc.) etc.),” wrote [4, 239]. Therefore, it is noticeable that the root cap was added to the root word -ar and a new verb was formed. It is also possible to associate the root of the word kabardy – kab - kop with the Kyrgyz word "many" because there is a significant connection between the verbs “a lot” and “shish” and the word kop .

kotordı: ol unuğ kotordı [10, 121] - transferred the flour (put it in another bag). In modern Kyrgyz language, the verb “kotor” is found in the same meaning as in the dictionary of Mahmut Kashkari. Zh. Mukambaev’s met with the language of the Kyrgyz people living in the Zaamin region is recorded in his dictionary [14,58].

kopurdı: ol mäni ornumdın kopurdı [10, 55] - he lifted me from my place, moved me (buried or moved me). This word can be understood as kopordu and kopturdu which means lifted from Kyrgyz. In our opinion, Mahmut Kashkari must have taken the first meaning into account and gave the above example of ol mäni ornumdın kopurdı . Because you can read this example in the book, thinking that it moved me from my place.

The monosyllabic root of the word can be read by reconstructing the fact of the existence of the Kazakh language kopar- < kop+ar - they say, twist, unfold, pull out (from the root), turn over (turn over from below) [4, 247]. We can see the meaning of the word in the Kazakh language from the meaning of the Kyrgyz verb komor [5, 421]. Not only in the Kyrgyz language, but also in Turkic languages in general, b, p, m, bilabial consonants transform into each other: бала, хак. пала, тат. мала(й); кырг. алба-, өзб. олманг, каз. алмаңдар . Thus, the verb kopor from ancient Turkic languages (dialects) is preserved in the dialects of the modern Kyrgyz language, and its root “lives” in the form komor: kopor – to fill. On the other hand, it is clearly noticeable that the root “kop” -“kom” has been replaced by a new verb.

kőbűrdı - kettle foam, milk foam - smoky foam. This word is also found in pronunciation in the dictionary of the modern Kyrgyz language [13, 121].

karardı- blackened as night. In the modern Kyrgyz language, the word karardy occurs in a state in which it has undergone a phonetic change. And in the southern dialect it is also used as karardy-became black or dark.

kurturdı: oğlan kurturdı [10, 58] - the boy became mad. A.T.Kaidarov defined the root of this word as kut. He writes “kut (qut) - a large, excited, frenzied state, rage: kutyr < kut + song to rage, go berserk, go crazy (about dogs, animals)” [4, 253]. Therefore, we can understand that kuturdu means became mad or insane.

kűz ä rdi: őd kűz ä rdi [12, II, 81] - the time of year was autumn; In Altai language öй means time and иңирдеги őй-shadow time. The sentence күз орду means it was autumn. In modern Kyrgyz language, the root of the word “autumn” has been preserved in its ancient form, but the pronunciation of the participle -ir has not been preserved. The ancient word kűz ä rdi had the same structural form as the modern word uzard (uz - long): uz-ar; autumn In the dictionary the word “autumn” sounds like kűzärdi|| found in kűzgärdi variants. Based on this, we can consider the participle -ar as a variant of the participle -gär.

In the modern Kyrgyz language, K. Seydakmatov registered the term -ar as a form of verb from a noun, and the following examples were given: жашар(become young), кичер(become small), бозор(pale), агар(become white), көгөр(to grow), саргар(become yellow), түнөр(to be sad) [17, 308].

And in the textbook of S. Davletov, S. Kudaibergenov, verbs are formed from the following noun bases with the help of "...-ar": a) from adjectives expressing color: agar, blue, bazar; b) from nouns with the meaning of state: sad; from adjectives with a quantitative meaning: "shorter" [2, 136-137].

The examples given in Mahmut Kashkari's book complement what is said in this textbook.

Participle -sha (-şa). This suffix forming a verb is found in "Divanu lugati t-turk" in the following words:

täwşűldi: jip täwşűldi [10, 190] - the rope is twisted due to many hands. Neither the stem nor the participle here has been preserved in the modern Kyrgyz language.

uvşa – to rub : ol ätmäk uvşatti - he rubbed and crumbled the bread [11, 469].

qowşaldı: ok qowşaldı [10, 190] - the bullet was bent with wood so that it would shine. It is recorded that this ancient word is preserved in the dialects of the Kyrgyz language with this meaning: "guusho - to rub the husk of wheat in drinks, to clean it by rubbing: to clean the wheat with a husk" [14, 493]. In the dictionary of K.K. Yudakhin, the meaning is interpreted as follows: куша - to rush, to pick grain (by pounding in a large wooden chair) [5, 462]. The root of this word can be connected with the verb to tune.

täwşindi: är ışta tälim täwşindi [10, 194] - the man tried hard at work. In this word, neither the ancient root nor the word forming part is preserved in Kyrgyz.

kurşandı: ər kurın kurşandı [10, 202] - the man girded his belt. In the modern Kyrgyz language, a slightly changed phonetic form is preserved (kur-şa-n-dı - kur-cha-n-dy). The participle (-sha,-sha) changed to -cha. –cha - participle forming a verb from a noun: kurcha [17,326].

käwşändı: täwi käwşändi [10, 205] - the camel grazed. Both the root of this word and the word forming part of it are preserved in the modern Kyrgyz language: If you are a sure bet, I will strike your talking mouth (proverb). In the ancient Turkish dictionary it is indicated as "kev-grizt, jevat" [3,304]. It is also given as "qap - chavkanye, prichmokivanie(rus)" [3, 139]. From the examples, it can be seen that the verbs are represented by different types of grammatical categories. The first two ( täwşűldi, kuwşaldı ) are spoken in the past tense with a passive meaning, and the other three ( täwşindi, käwşändı, kurşandı ) are spoken with a definite past tense meaning, and there is no doubt that the basis of the words are verbs formed by adding the participle -sha to the stem. The roots of three of them (kuwşaldı, kurşandı, käwşändı) are understandable to us even with the lexical units of the modern Kyrgyz language: kuwşa - күүшө; circle - курча; käwşä –кепше.

In the textbook of S. Davletov, S. Kudaibergenov, there are several examples of the formation of verbs with the word forming participle -sha||-sh in the Kyrgyz language. For example, the word «tolukshu» which means to worry, or words talykshy-to be exhausted, kakshy- to insult [2,137138]. In another textbook written for students of higher education institutions, it is presented in the form of -sh, and it is listed among the less productive word-forming members that form verbs from nouns [1, 194].

Participle -ra (-ra). [10, 290]: japrıttı - covered: at qulaqın japrattı - the horse covered its ears. In this structure, the root of the word is jap (jap), but the word forming part of it is not -ra, but -yr (jap-yr). The participle must have undergone such a change after a long period of time.

jağrıttı: ol mäniŋ atığ jağrıttı - he made the back of my horse [12, 407]. My name in Kyrgyz should be Joorut. Both Kyrgyz and Uzbek have the root jagir. According to Mahmud Kashkari's dictionary, it is jağ. Here word forming suffix -ra is preserved as -ry (-rı) in Kyrgyz (joor-ru-t-tu). In the modern Kyrgyz language, the sound at the end of the stem (-ğ: jağ) has become a long vowel (tağ- mountain, jağ- jóa).

javrıttı: ol anı jawrıttı- he hurt her [10, 290]. The root of this word (jaw) exists in the modern Kyrgyz language. Then the composition of the word will be jab-yr-la-t-ty. Here, too, the part of the participle has changed to -yr instead of -ra.

jolrattı: ol kuшganğ jolrattı - he made the hair (column) shiny [10, 290]. This word was translated by S. Mutallibov as follows: "he polished the silver" [12, 408].

tugrandɪ - seemed to imitate: öziηkä är tugrandɪ - he seemed to imitate meat [10, 194]. In the ancient Turkish dictionary it is indicated as "toq (tug) - vomit" [3, 576]. Therefore, the root of the word "right" in the modern Kyrgyz language was toq (tug).

Conclusion. In conclusion the suffixes which form a verb in the dictionary book of M. Kashkari were investigated and compared with modern Kyrgyz language and the modern Kyrgyz language was compared with ancient Turkic words and it was found out that most of word forming suffixes are used in the Kyrgyz language unchanged and with changes in sound, and some words and parts have fallen out of use in the modern Kyrgyz language.

• 1)    Suffixes that make verbs from verbs: -ra (-ра): ügrişdi – ugrishdi-rocked; ashruldi – ashyryldy- carried out; tikräșdi – ostu-grew, matured; ügrändi - uyrondu- learned.

• - ba (-ba): irpäldi: jigaç irpäldi – wood is chopped. In modern Kyrgyz language, it is registered as a passive participle forming a verb from a noun.

• - na (-na) participle: ornattim – ornottum-I installed; ağnatti –oonatty(double oo is read like in English word door)- carried down. According to research, the word forming part -na is preserved as in the modern Kyrgyz language: or-na-t-tim - or-no-t-tum ; ağ-na-t-ti - oo-na-t-ty . Usnattim -similar; The root of the words ulnattı - changed is not found today, and the root of the word äžnätti -changed has been preserved in the modern Kyrgyz language (äž-nätti - changed), but the translation has not been preserved.

• - qar (-kar), -kar participle : sızğurdı - melted, sűskűrdi - trembled, ojğurdı – woken words roots are used. And the part of the second and third words is preserved, and the part of the second word is not preserved. The verb Qutğardı - saved is used actively.

• 2)    word-forming parts that form verbs from nouns.

• - qar (-kar), -kar: tüzkärdim - I set the road straight; there is a verb in the southern dialect of the Kyrgyz language that means түскөр-straight, directly. Both the stem and the participle of the following words are used in the modern Kyrgyz language: sarğardı - something turned yellow; suwğardı - watered; ezkerdi - remembered; үвүтғарды – уяткарды - embarrassed.

• - ar (-ar): kopurdı - buried or stirred. The roots and parts of the following words are also used in the modern Kyrgyz language: kotordı – которду - translated; kabardı – кабарды- became purple; карарды - карарды (карайды)-became black or dark; кuturdı – кутурду-became mad or insane; kögärdi - bruised; bozardɪ - bozard; tȕnärdi - the night. And küzärdi - it was autumn; kölärdi suv – laughed; tȕzärdi - the root of the words found in the modern Kyrgyz language, the participle is not used:

• - sha (-şa) participle: täwşűldi – chubaldi ; The words täwşindi - tried are not used in the modern Kyrgyz language. Qowşaldı - the verb word ыкшалды i is preserved in the dialects of the Kyrgyz language (Guushoo, dialect in Kyrgyz).

kurşandı - surrounded. The participle (-sha,-sha) changed to -cha.

käwşändı - the word кепшенди is preserved in the modern Kyrgyz language.

• - ra (-ra) participle: japrıttı - zhabyldy – covered; jağrıttı - he hurt him. The roots are preserved, but the part of the word forming that is false to it is not -ra, but -yr (jap-yr).

tugrandɪ -tuurady- seems to imitate or imitate. It is used in the correct form in the modern Kyrgyz language.

As a result, the verb forming suffixes not registered by the author in M. Kashkari's dictionary were divided into two groups, an investigation was carried out, and the level of their use in the modern Kyrgyz language, in some cases, in related languages: whether they became productive or unproductive, changed or not, and the reasons for this were determined. The results obtained from the research will be material for the history of the Kyrgyz language, historical lexicology, and a comparative study of the morphological formation of words in Turkic languages.