Types and forms of networks for the creation and dissemination of knowledge

Understanding the directions and relationships in the dissemination of knowledge can positively affect the accuracy of economic models, so the article aimes to systematize approaches to building networks that represent knowledge flows. The study is based on an analysis of domestic and foreign scientific results in the field of network analysis to identify patterns in the creation and dissemination of knowledge. Using the methods of classification, formalization and comparative analysis, we have revealed the key characteristics of networks for the creation and dissemination of knowledge. The vertices are implicit knowledge carriers, documents fixing knowledge, as well as geographical and organizational units of knowledge accumulation. To form economic conclusions, we have grouped the peaks by industry, centrality levels, geo-referencing, closeness of intra-group communication, which allows, in particular, comparing knowledge flows and trade flows, knowledge dissemination and the efficiency of the cluster. The edges are interactions for conducting joint research or development, the use of such research by other research teams (links), and professional interaction between enterprises. The strength of such interaction may differ in the frequency of collaboration, the rating of the resulting scientific work or journal, relationships with other network members, and the number of citations. The choice of the weight of the edge makes it possible to estimate more accurately the positions of knowledge sources, the amount of knowledge disseminated, and the size of groups of influence on knowledge flows. Taking into account the growing volume of scientific works using network analysis methods, the information obtained about the key characteristics of knowledge networks can serve as a methodological basis for a number of economic innovative and technological studies.