Tolerance of wheat varieties under the influence of one of the edaphic factors – the degree of acidity

The objective of the study is to evaluate the tolerance of seeds of different wheat varieties under the influence of one of the edaphic factors – soil acidity on the growth characteristics of seedlings and their weight. Objectives: to study the effect of soil acidity on the growth characteristics of roots and shoots of different spring wheat varieties, the accumulation of seedling biomass of different spring wheat varieties; to assess the influence of acid solution concentrations on spring wheat varieties and to establish their tolerance to soil acidity. The objects of the study are varieties of soft spring wheat (Krasnoyarskaya 12, Kantegirskaya 89, Omskaya 32, Tulunskaya 12); varieties of soft winter wheat (Zaryanitsa, Skipetr). The experience of germinating seeds of different wheat varieties using the roll crop method was used, which allows for longterm experiments in germinating seeds of agricultural crops. In the subtaiga zone of the Krasnoyarsk Region, acidic soils (sodpodzolic, gray forest, dark gray forest) are almost continuously distributed; soils of the taiga zone are strongly acidic (21 %), and soils of the subtaiga zone are moderately acidic and slightly acidic (from 19.3 to 56.1 % of the area). According to the results of the laboratory experiment, the Krasnoyarskaya 12, Omskaya 32 and Skipetr wheat varieties at pH 4.0 exceed the control in terms of root and shoot length of seedlings. The wheat varieties Omskaya 32 and Skipetr at pH 4.0 exceed the control in terms of sprout weight. In a laboratory experiment, the wheat varieties Krasnoyarskaya 12, Kantegirskaya 89, Zarnitsa, Omskaya 32, Skipetr and Tulunskaya 12 demonstrated both a common response to low pH values for the set of studied parameters, as evidenced by the results of discriminant analysis, and individual varietal specificity in response to an acidic environment, as evidenced by low values of the Kendall concordance coefficient. According to the results of cluster analysis, the greatest similarity in the reaction to an acidic environment at both pH 4.0 and pH 3.0 is observed in the pair of varieties Omskaya 32 and Tulunskaya 12, as well as in the pair Zaryanitsa and Kantegirskaya 89.