Traditional gender modes in scientific discourse

The aim of this article is to delineate the content of the concepts of traditional gender modes, “masculinity” and “femininity”, in scientific discourse. Method of comparative analysis of alternative interpretations of traditional gender modes is used, on the basis of which a unified approach to understanding masculinity/femininity is formulated. The study identifies key disciplinary aspects of gender mode analysis: biological, psychological, sociocultural, and postmodern. Through the examination of these approaches, a unifying theme emerges that from a sociocultural perspective, “masculinity” and “femininity” are not biological traits or genetic predispositions, but rather social constructs shaped within the society in which an individual develops. Proper socialization should ensure that traditional gender modes remain characteristics of the individual, aligning with their biological sex through “gendered mentality”. The postmodern approach seeks to dismantle the substantive foundations of gender modes, both biological, psychological, and sociocultural-portraying them as relative, contingent, and dynamic constructs formed through interpersonal relationships.