Forest transformation in the southeastern part of the Greater Caucasus

Three experimental plots of beech-hornbeam-oak mixed forests of the southeastern part of the Greater Caucasus were examined. Biometric and phytocenological observations were carried out, species composition and fullness of forests, growth, diameter and height of trees. The report of the forestry department of the southeastern part of the Greater Caucasus is analyzed. The transformation of hornbeam forests in the southeastern part of the Greater Caucasus occurred as a result of the destruction of beech forests and restoration of forestry. Over the past 50-60, and in some places in the southeastern part of the Greater Caucasus for 100 years, on the site of cut down valuable beech forests, hornbeam, hornbeam-linden and hornbeam-oak forests have formed. The physiological and environmental parameters of the hornbeam and other trees and shrubs allow them to successfully grow in place of logged beech forests and fill artificially formed bared spaces. The transformation of dominant plants by artificial or natural means in accordance with the laws of biogeocenology, in turn, contributes to a change in the whole structure and appearance of the environment.