Transurethral resection of a non-muscularly invasive bladder in a single unit. Literature review

Bladder cancer is the 12th most common malignant neoplasm worldwide. The cornerstone of accurate diagnosis and local staging is well-performed transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder, which additionally serves as the main treatment strategy for non-musculoskeletal invasive disease. The traditional approach to TUR involves layered resection of the tumor, as a result of which multiple fragments of it are formed, which are removed for histological examination. Such an operation technique can contribute to the "dispersion of the tumor." There is a fundamental difference in the treatment of a solid bladder tumor from other oncological diseases. Additional difficulties in the pathoanatomical interpretation of TUR samples and the interpretation of the depth of invasion are the artifacts of cauterization and crushing, tangential tumor sites and the lack of spatial orientation of tumor fragments.Bladder resection with a single block is feasible using various methods and energy sources. This technique is safe, has a consistently low incidence of complications and allows for more accurate orientation of the extracted tumor sample, has a high frequency of sampling from the detrusor, which facilitates tumor staging, and, accordingly, antitumor effectiveness. This review discusses various techniques for performing a single-block bladder resection and compares them with TUR.