A three-dimensional finite element analysis of the influence of a strike load from a variable mass impactor on the stress distribution to the bone-implant interface

Dental implants have become a well-publicised treatment modality in dentistry. Implants are generally placed in the private sector by dentists who have undertaken further learning. Biomaterials are materials intended to be in contact with living tissue and / or biological fluids to assess, treat, modify standards or replace any tissue, organ or function of the body. The purpose of this paper is to compare the differences in von Mises stress between spherical and conical impactor, whatever their mass. In order, to predict the material of the crown and to protect the tissues surrounding the implant. This paper presents the model geometry for the modelling of contact problems between two solid bodies (crown/impactor) without friction and that of bone/implant. Three-dimensional finite element model of dental prosthesis was developed considering the impact of the crown. For the design a contact was simulated between the lateral surface of the crown and the impactor. By use the model, computational simulations were performed varying the impactor’s mass for both shapes of impactor. The results also revealed only relatively low levels of stresses were transferred from the implant to the surrounding cortical and cancellous bone, with the majority of the stresses transferred to the cortical bone. Maximum von Mises stress generated by spherical impactor are lower than those obtained by conical impactor. For big mass of the impactor, the stresses may be critical since the mechanical properties of the implant material and the cortical and cancellous bone could not withstand stress magnitudes recorded in this analysis. The stresses distribution and magnitude depend of the impactor’s mass and different shapes of (stress - length of implant thread) curves are similar for different masses of the impactor. Indeed, the equivalent stress increases with increasing the impactor’s mass. The stresses were transferred from the implant to the surrounding cortical and cancellous bone.