Three Ways to Build the Knowledge System

The article is devoted to the problem of constructing a knowledge system that, in the course of its development, will be able to approach a reliable representation of reality. Three possible ways of constructing a knowledge system are identified: the metaphysical way; the way of hierarchical models; and the way of isomorphism. The methodological basis of the study is general systems theory, including the author’s empiricalmetaphysical general systems theory, which substantiates the possibility (and limitations) of the metaphysical path and the path of isomorphism for building a knowledge system, model theory, cognitive systems theory, etc. The main results of the research presented in the article are: identification of the genesis of the problem of providing artificial intelligence systems that replenish the knowledge system with source data; identification of the limitations of the knowledge system formed when moving along the path of hierarchical models; analyzing the prospects of moving along the metaphysical path for the accumulation and generalization of deterministic knowledge formalized in the form of patterns; stating the high level of qualitative correspondence and adaptability of the knowledge system that can be constructed when moving along the path of isomorphism. The existence of objective limitations necessitates the use of all three ways to achieve credibility, which is not possible in any one way.