Labor and Professional Activity in the Works of Philosophers

The aim of this study is to examine classical approaches to understanding professional activity and labor in general. The methodological basis is formed by classical concepts of professional and labor activity by Marxists, as well as by I. Kant, T. Hobbes, J. Locke, A. Smith, and D. Ricardo. The theoretical foundation is formed by the works of thinkers V. S. Solovyov, S. N. Bulgakov, and E. S. Markaryan. The study results in a systematization of approaches and concepts to defining work and professional activity. The selected topic is examined through the prism of philosophy, sociology, economics, and pedagogy. Promising directions include developing this topic for further research and identifying the characteristics of professional activity in modern society based on classical concepts and scholarly ideas.