Doctrine of logos in ancient greek philosophy

The article addresses the conceptual formation and development of the doctrine of Logos in the philosophies of Heraclitus, Aristotle, and the Stoics. Heraclitus was the first to concretize the concept of Logos as the fiery first principle, a universal form for all laws of existence. Subsequently, Aristotle intellectualized the concept of Logos as self-thinking thought of Mind as the Prime Mover. Finally, the Stoics synthesized these ideas by formulating a corporeal, immanent, and pantheistic Logos, providence, and the source of ethical law. Being one of the most fruitful and stable concepts in the history of Western thought, the Logos of ancient philosophy was radically reinterpreted by Christianity and entered the ideological program of modern civilization. The methodological approach of this research implies conducting textual and conceptual analyses drawing on primary sources and their interpretation by two outstanding Russian thinkers, Aleksey Losev and Sergey Trubetskoy.