Professional and positional universalization: business needs, legal and practical aspects

This article explores the ongoing trend toward the universalization of professions and job positions, framing it as a strategic response to the demands of digital transformation and heightened business flexibility. The research employs judicial case analysis to elucidate the legal frameworks underpinning the design of labor functions that integrate elements from multiple professional standards. Special attention is paid to the deliberations of regulatory authorities and courts concerning the legitimacy of employers independently determining the composition of job descriptions. The discussion highlights the inherent conflict between fostering operational adaptability and safeguarding workers’ rights, particularly with respect to pension entitlements. The study advocates for a nuanced and balanced approach, ensuring that universalization initiatives do not undermine employee well-being or violate principles of legal certainty. Through the synthesis of statistical data and judicial practice, the article presents recommendations for refining regulatory procedures and human resource management processes to sustain the equilibrium of interests in labor relations. The findings offer practical guidance for HR policy formation, the implementation of new professional standards, and the optimization of organizational structures in large-scale industrial enterprises.