Oilseed flax yield on gray forest soils of the Middle Urals

The purpose of the study is to identify changes in the elements of the structure of the yield of various varieties of oil seed flax and its seed productivity, depending on the conditions of the year of cultivation. The study was carried out on typical gray forest soils of the Sverdlovsk Region in the period 2012-2020. The method of field experiment and statistical processing of experimental data were used. It was found that the conditions of the year of growing oil seed flax had a noticeable effect on the number of formed capsules on the plant, seeds in one pod and the weight of 1000 seeds. Small seeds in all varieties were formed in warm and dry 2012, and the largest seeds were obtained in cool and humid 2015. The average yield of oil seed flax seeds was 1.90-2.14 t/ha, reaching a level of 2.30-2.88 t/ha under favorable conditions in 2017. The most productive was the Ural'skij variety, which is recommended along with the Severny variety for cultivation in agricultural enterprises of the Middle Urals. An increase in seed yield was achieved due to the formation of a larger number of capsules per plant, the number of seeds in one pod, as well as the weight of 1000 seeds. The variability of the yield level by 77.7 % was determined by environmental conditions, the influence of genotypes determined 6.6 % of the yield variation, and the interaction of variety × year - 14.9 %. To obtain a high yield of seeds, sowing of oil seed flax in the Sverdlovsk Region should be characterized by the optimal density of the stalk before harvesting (570-580 pcs. per one square meter). Each plant should have 10-12 pods containing 6-7 fully completed seeds.