Yield of new potato varieties depending on mineral fertilizers use

The aim of the study is to identify the optimal doses of mineral fertilizers for each of the studied potato varieties, ensuring maximum yield with high product quality. Objectives: to study the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers on plant height, the number of stems per bush, as well as the starch content, dry weight and total yield of potatoes. The objects of the study were new potato varieties Alania and Sprint, which differ in ripening time. Field studies were carried out in the soil and climatic conditions of North Ossetia in 2023–2024. Experimental design: 1 – without the use of mineral fertilizers (control); 2 – N60P60K60; 3 – N120P60K60; 4 – N60P120K60; 5 – N120P90K90. Fertilizers have shown a positive effect on the initial stages of growth, increasing the average potato top weight: 690.2 g/bush for the Alania variety in the control group and 992.0 g/bush in the experimental group. The Sprint variety demonstrated the greatest difference in top weight between the experimental and control variants, at 213.0 g/bush. The number and weight of tubers is one of the most important factors determining the overall yield. The maximum number of tubers per nest was achieved with the N60P120K60 background for both varieties: 18.6 for the Sprint variety and 18.0 for the Alania variety. The results showed significant differences in the starch and dry matter content of tubers of both varieties under different fertilization conditions. The Alania variety demonstrated the highest starch content (15.6 %) and dry matter (19.9 %) when using a fertilizer ratio of N60P120K60, while the Sprint variety showed lower but still high levels: 14.3 and 19.5 %, respectively. This demonstrates the positive impact of balanced nutrition on tuber yield and quality.