Early-ripe spring wheat varieties yield in various natural zones of the Krasnoyarsk region

The purpose of the study is to analyze the yield dynamics of early-ripening spring wheat varieties in different natural zones of the Krasnoyarsk Region. Tasks: to highlight the features of the influence of natural zones on productivity, the value of the realization of the potential of productivity, areas with a higher rate of its growth. The object of the study was 4 early-ripening varieties of spring wheat (Tulun 15, Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 16, Polyushko). Yield assessment was carried out for 6 natural zones of the region: 3rd (Kazachinsky variety plot), 4th (Dzerzhinsky, Sayansky), 5th (Sukhobuzimsky, Uyarsky), 6th (Nazarovsky, Uzhursky), 7th (Karatuzsky), 8th (Minusinsky, Krasnoturansky , Novoselovsky). Years of testing - 2000-2020. Processing of the obtained data was carried out according to generally accepted statistical programs. Significant fluctuations in the yield of early-ripening varieties of spring wheat were revealed in the studied periods in the zones of the region: from 1.84 (zone 7) to 3.44 t/ha (zone 6) in 2002-2007 and from 1.72 (zone 7) to 4.18 t/ha (zone 5) in 2017-2020. Yields of varieties undergoing variety testing in 2002-2007 was more sensitive to adverse weather conditions than varieties approved for use in 2017-2020. There is a low level of realization of the yield potential by zones, especially in the subtaiga of the lowland and the southern forest-steppe, its value is higher in the Kansk-Krasnoyarsk and Chulym forest-steppes. In the general phenotypic variation in grain yield of early ripening varieties, a significant contribution is made by the variability due to the cultivation zone, growing conditions, the interaction of the factors “vegetation conditions × zone”, “natural zone × geographical location”, “vegetation conditions × natural area × geographical location”. A significant relationship between yield and plant height was established for all natural zones. A significant positive correlation of productivity was revealed with the duration of the growing season in the 4th and 7th zones, negateve - in the 5th. A high and above average correlation between the yield and the weight of 1000 grains is noted in the 5th and 6th zones. In each natural zone of the region, an unequal influence of meteorological indicators during the growing season on productivity was obtained.