Using the experiences of Japan, USA, and Germany in improving the quality of higher education

Today, the level of development of any nation's state and society, first of all, the attention it pays to human capital and human development is measured by its efforts in this direction. Today, attention to the content of education is reaching the conditions in developed countries. As a proof of this, we will analyze the education system of foreign countries.

Japanese education system

There is no concept of ``gifted student'' in Japanese education. because every student has a special talent. Among advanced countries, Japan's unique direction of education occupies a leading place. In particular, the structure of the Japanese education system is as follows: pre-school education, primary school, junior high school, senior high school, higher education institutions that are part of the higher education system.

In primary school, teachers teach children to criticize, that is, to criticize the bad aspects of their behavior and shortcomings in school. It is clear from this that the teacher is not limited to teaching, but affects the child's all-round development. Japan is the only country among the developed countries where the teacher's salary is high even among the heads of state. Compulsory educational environment. This level of education includes children from 6 to 15 years old. Financial assistance is provided to children of needy families. Upper secondary school includes grades 10-1112, such schools have full-time, part-time, and evening sections.

In upper secondary schools, students take 80 tests during the entire educational process. In addition to compulsory basic subjects, students are involved in English language, technical education and special tests according to their wishes. Students of high and secondary school or 12-year regular school are admitted to the university. Admission to universities is divided into 2 stages: the 1st stage is held at the residence, for which tests are conducted on Japanese language, mathematics, physics, chemistry, social studies, and history. In Japan, higher education is compulsory and it is inextricably linked with vocational education.

In Japan, the role and responsibility of mothers in raising children is especially great. They consider themselves responsible to the family dynasty and the state for their children to grow up smart, wise and hardworking. In Japan, many methodical manuals and recommendations on family education are published, many pedagogical tips are given on radio and television. Home desks in Japanese families are remarkable. It is a perfect, side-protected device, with a bookshelf, a lamp, a clock, a pen, paper, a microcalculator and other essentials installed on the desk, as well as alarm buttons to call parents if necessary. The level of Japanese high schools is slightly higher than the level of American high schools.

As can be seen from the above, the education system in Japan has achieved a high degree of harmony both in form and content. There are many aspects worth learning from. Another important aspect is that Japan is not limited to national traditions, but developed countries in the world such as the USA, France, and Germany advanced pedagogical work experiences are also creatively mastered. There is no doubt that such experiences will be useful in raising the education system of our Republic to a higher level.

The education system of the United States of America: Secondary education in the United States is divided into 12 years of elementary and junior high schools. Most of them are public schools, and 88% of students study in them. Educational institutions are financed by state and municipal budgets. In the United States, 7.5% of the gross domestic product is spent on education every year. 12% of students go to private schools, their material resources are formed at the expense of parents, various funds and donations.In countries, educational institutions do not have numbers, but they are named after regions or famous people.

Usually every classroom has a TV and a computer. Computer classrooms are connected to high speed internet. There are a lot of photocopiers in America. Because the teacher gives almost all the tasks to the students in printed form. In primary school, the class teacher changes every year. The amount of mathematical knowledge in primary grades is a little lighter compared to the level of Russian and English schools. The multiplication table starts from the 3rd grade. One of the unique methods in American schools is the "Report Card" of each student. In it, the student is evaluated according to 10 different behaviors. As parents get to know this card, they try to find out what their children are lacking and try to fix it. American pedagogues use the "Favorite toy" method for 1-3 graders once a week. In this method, children rate a toy. The purpose of using this method is to teach the child to get rid of shyness and to speak freely among his classmates. The excessive democratization of education in America creates difficulties in checking and controlling the accuracy of student knowledge. Therefore, in a country with a rich material base and experience, there are children who are completely illiterate. The positive application of the acceptable aspects of the educational system in the USA is of great importance.

German education system: Germany is one of the centers of world enlightenment and culture. In this country, every citizen has the right to freely develop his personality, to choose a school, place of study and profession depending on his talents and abilities. The school education system consists of primary and secondary educational institutions. Studying in all public schools is free. School education in Germany is divided into the following school types: primary school; vocational schools; primary school; real school; gymnasium; general school; special school.

Primary school is the foundation of the education system. After primary school, students go to secondary school. Basic or comprehensive public school is compulsory for all students who have completed primary school and have not attended real school or gymnasium. Primary school teachers feel that they are not teachers, but social pedagogues. But in the main schoolstudents are forced to receive education despite their poor mastery. Real schools belong to the second stage and usually include grades 5-10. The Real School provides high-level extended general education and prepares students for professional training courses to become holders of professions that require high demands on independent thinking, sense of responsibility, and people management skills. German education has a very complex system in its own way. The German state has an educational system that has justified itself in taking a place among the developed countries.