Vsevolod P. Kashchenko on the upbringing of an only child in a family

On the basis of the archival material introduced into scientific circulation for the first time (documents from the Scientific Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and previously published works by Vsevolod P. Kashchenko, the specifics of the educational process of an only child are considered, taking into account the context of the development of views on the new problem in pedagogical thought of the first third of the XX century.. The reasons for his exceptional position, factors of influence of family, relatives, friends and other social groups are determined. The basic principles of reasonable upbringing of such children (according to Vsevolod P. Kashchenko), ways of correction are outlined. A typological characteristic of an only child is given from the point of view of psychology.