In search for hereditary form of alcohol addiction: Cloninger's typology, dynamics of withdrawal formation, family history and evaluation of genetic risk

Objective: comparative analysis of patients with type I and type II alcoholism (A) according to Cloninger with use of quantitative evaluations of family history (FH), clinical characteristics of development and course of A, level of individual genetic risk of development of A according to data of genomic profiling. Material and Methods. 464 inpatient, mean age 42.48±0.504 years; diagnosis “Dependence Syndrome” (F10.2 according to ICD-10) were examined. Three comparisons between patients with type I and type II A were performed: in total group of patients, in group of male and female patients. Results. In total group of comparison in patients with type II A alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) was formed longer, than in patients with type I, despite earlier age of AWS formation, craving for alcohol I was higher both at admission and discharge. FH was more loaded in patients with type II A. In male patients with type II A AWS was formed earlier, craving for alcohol was reliably higher both at admission and discharge, than in patients with type I. FH was more loaded in male patients with type II type A. In female patients with type II A AWS was formed longer, than in patients with type I, despite earlier age of AWS formation, severity of craving for alcohol and FH did not differ reliably. FH did not differ in women with type I and type II A. Level of genetic risk did not differ in patients with type I and type II A in all comparisons. Conclusion. Type II A according to Cloninger with early onset of abuse was found twice as frequently in men than in women, however, about 40 % of women suffered from this type. According to results of the study for type II A longer term of AWS formation, better dynamics of reduction of craving for for alcohol are typical during hospitalization with greatest severity at admission, high portion of patients with FH, especially of its higher loading, larger number of cases of alcoholism in the family. It allowed assuming that type II had a high contribution of hereditary factors to risk of development and clinical implications of disease.