Вариант Omicron коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 и его разновидности / субварианты

Вариант Omicron коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 и его разновидности / субварианты

Автор: Щербак С.Г., Вологжанин Д.А., Голота А.С., Сарана А.М., Макаренко С.В.

Журнал: Клиническая практика @clinpractice

Рубрика: Научные обзоры

Статья в выпуске: 3 т.14, 2023 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Коронавирус SARS-CoV-2 уже три года циркулирует среди людей, заражая сотни миллионов человек. Многочисленные сообщения со всего мира свидетельствуют о том, что в настоящее время большинство инфекций вызвано различными вариантами Omicron, преобладающими над всеми ранее появившимися вариантами. Геном штамма Omicron накопил десятки мутаций, которые увеличивают приспособляемость вируса и являются причиной возникновения новых вариантов и субвариантов с повышенной контагиозностью, трансмиссивностью и способностью уклоняться от иммунного ответа. Это ставит под угрозу защиту, обеспечиваемую вакцинами, или гуморальный иммунитет, индуцированный предыдущими инфекциями. Несмотря на то, что биология SARS-CoV-2 хорошо изучена, его способность инфицировать, размножаться и распространяться среди населения зависит от конкретного иммунного контекста в разные периоды пандемии. Предполагается, что новые варианты возникают в результате хронической инфекции у лиц с ослабленным иммунитетом. Внутрилинейная рекомбинация обеспечивает вирусу фенотипические преимущества от отдалённо родственных циркулирующих вариантов. Один из последних субвариантов Omicron, который получил название «Kraken» из-за беспрецедентно высокой трансмиссивности, является потомком рекомбинантной линии. Вирус непрерывно эволюционирует в направлении уклонения от вируснейтрализующих антител, поэтому ведётся постоянная работа по созданию новых более эффективных вакцин и других противовирусных средств.

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Коронавирус, мутация, контагиозность, трансмиссивность, способность уклоняться от иммунного ответа, вакцина, противовирусные средства

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/143180552

IDR: 143180552   |   DOI: 10.17816/clinpract322036

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