A winery on the Phanagoria acropolis

The paper publishes a winery complex excavated in Phanagoria in 2013 and 2015. This object is the tenth winery discovered in Phanagoria. It is of special interest because its location at the city acropolis (other seven wineries were recorded in the city's littoral zone, while two more wineries were found in its southern fringe). Apparently, by the time this production complex was built, this area was no longer a public center of Phanagoria. The winery is referred to the type of composite wineries with a standard layout that includes three reservoirs. It is attributed to the variant with a simple system of grape must flows (according to Vinokurov, 1999). Its poor state of preservation and specific features of the occupation layer impede reconstruction of the entire layout of the winery complex that included chambers for must fermentation and storage of finished wine. It is not possible to establish the precise date of the construction and operation of this complex either. Its approximate date is the second half of the 3rd - 4th/5th centuries AD. However, the authors were able to make a number of observations on the plan of the winery and established that the winery estate occupied a large area. The analysis of a series of graffiti, supposedly, linked to winery operations helped derive some conclusions concerning organization of wine production and trade in Phanagoria during the Late Antiquity.