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Влияние дизайна на время эвакуации из Римского Колизея

Влияние дизайна на время эвакуации из Римского Колизея

Автор: Гравит Марина Викторовна, Кирик Екатерина Сергеевна, Савченко Егор Тимофеевич

Журнал: Строительство уникальных зданий и сооружений @unistroy

Статья в выпуске: 2 (95), 2021 года.

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В статье анализируются объемно-планировочные характеристики самого известного амфитеатра древних времен Римского Колизея (Рим, Италия) в области эвакуации при пожаре. Были построены 3D компьютерные модели арены и проведено моделирование эвакуации с помощью программы Sigma FS (Россия). Проведен сравнительный анализ объемно-планировочных решений арены с современной концепцией организации обеспечения беспрепятственной и своевременной эвакуации людей. Установлено, что в Колизее разработан ряд особенностей, позволяющих проводить эвакуацию более успешно, чем в современных спортивных сооружениях: конфигурация лестницы, обеспечивающая высокую скорость передвижения; средняя продолжительность гроздей в три раза меньше, а на лестнице меньше поворотов. Показано, что планировка Колизея позволяет не проводить поэтапную эвакуацию и не требует ограждения путей эвакуации из основного пространства. В общем, римский Колизей не требовал управления эвакуацией (маршрутизацией), чтобы уравнять нагрузку движения по лестнице и сократить время скопления людей перед лестницей.

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Манеж, проектирование, время эвакуации, пожарная безопасность, организация эвакуации, компьютерное моделирование

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/143175788

IDR: 143175788   |   УДК: 69   |   DOI: 10.4123/CUBS.95.4

Effect of design on the evacuation time for the Colosseum of Rome

The article analyzes the space-planning characteristics of the most famous amphitheater of ancient times of the Roman Colosseum (Rome, Italy) in the field of evacuation in case of fire. 3D computer models of the arena were built, and evacuation was simulated using the Sigma FS software (Russia). A comparative analysis of the space-planning solutions of the arena with the modern concept of organizing the provision of the unhindered and timely evacuation of people is carried out. It has been established that a number of features have been designed in the Colosseum, which makes it possible to carry out evacuation more successfully than in modern sports facilities: the configuration of the stairs, providing a high speed of movement; the average duration of clusters is three times less, and there are fewer turns on the stairs. It is shown that the layout of the Colosseum makes it possible not to carry out a phased evacuation and does not require fencing the escape routes from the main space. In general, the Roman Colosseum did not require evacuation control (routing) to equalize a load of traffic on the stairs and reduce the time of congestion in front of the stairs.

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