The influence of governmental, public and pedagogical initiatives on the development of national education in the second part of the 19th century - early 20th century

Today in Russia serious attention is paid to the problems of the governmental and social-educational initiatives. The article highlights the governmental, public and pedagogical initiatives in the sphere of national education. Based on the analysis of the historical materials, the author highlights the content of the governmental, public and pedagogical initiatives in national education of the Arkhangelsk Governorate in the second half of the19 th century - early 20 th century. The article shows the impact which the governmental, public and pedagogical initiatives had on national education of the Arkhangelsk Governorate in the second half of the19 th century - early 20 th century. Two types of impact are noted: direct and indirect. The article specifies the variety of governmental, public and pedagogical initiatives in the Arkhangelsk Governorate. The impact of governmental, public and pedagogical initiatives is shown through the increased literacy level of the population, involvement of inhabitants in the process of national education, increased number of educational institutions and national libraries, stabilization of financial and social position of teachers, diversity of public involvements into the process of managing educational institutions, expansion of channels financing national education in legal terms etc. The article also characterizes the specific features of the Arkhangelsk Governorate, such as: absence of Zemstvos (local governments in prerevolutionary Russia), territorial remoteness of educational institutions from each other etc.