The effect of vegetation and genotype conditions on the variability of the main quantitative features of spring soft wheat in Krasnoyarsk forest steppe

The research objective was studying the influence of the conditions of vegetation and the genotype on the variability of the main quantitative signs of spring-sown soft wheat in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The results of the researches of 14 quantitative signs of samples of spring-sown soft wheat of three groups of ripeness in 2017-2019 showed that the variability of the majority of them had been caused by the conditions of vegetation and interaction of two factors "genotype × years". For all groups of ripeness the high share of the influence of the conditions of vegetation on phenotypic variability of the duration of the interphase period shoots - interphase period of shoots - stabbing, stabbing - wax ripeness, number of productive shoots from a unit of area, height of plants, mass of 1000 grains from the main shoot, grain yield were used. The essential share of genotypic variability is characteristic for the number of germinal roots, the length of an ear and grains in the main ear. The contribution of interaction of two factors "genotype × years" in the process of formation of number of grains in the main ear and lateral shoots, the mass of 1000 grains from lateral shoot was especially considerable. It should be noted the low share of variability caused by the interaction "a genotype × years" on the duration of the interphase period shoots - stabbing. The decrease in the contribution of a genotype to phenotypic variability from early ripe group of samples to mid-late on quantitative signs is noted: the productivity of grain, the height of plants, the number of grains in the main ear and lateral shoots, the mass of 1000 grains from the main ear and lateral shoots. Only on one sign - the survival of plants to harvesting - was observed the increase in a share of genotypic variability from mid-early group of the samples to mid-late. For mid-season samples the increase in the variability caused by a genotype for the duration of the vegetative period and its separate phases, lengths of an ear, number of productive shoots in relation to mid-early and mid-late group was observed. At the selection of parental couples for hybridization it is necessary to consider the contribution of both as separate factor, and their interaction on formation of quantitative signs.