Introduction of breathing exercises into physical training of cadets of departmental educational organizations (exemplified by Perm institute of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service)

Introduction. Relevance of the subject proves the necessity of improving functional training of cadets of departmental universities through breathing exercises. The purpose of the research is to compare and analyze the content of types of breathing gymnastics developed by different authors, and include them in the educational process of cadets at the lessons of physical training. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted at the Perm Institute of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service. The participants of the experiment are 96 third-year cadets who study the subject «Physical Education» focusing on formation of professional and general cultural competencies within 3+ Federal State Educational Standard of higher education. To adapt the body to oncoming physical and functional work А. N. Strelnikova’s breathing exercises and dynamical breathing exercises were used at the preparatory part of the lesson, V. F. Frolov’s breathing exercises being employed at the final stage of the lesson for normalization of psychoemotional state. Results an Discussion. It was revealed that the maximum time of breath holding which determines the effectiveness of breathing gymnastics makes up 20% in the system of dynamical breathing exercises (20–30 seconds), the minimum time (5%) falls on V. F. Frolov’s breathing exercises (1–5 seconds), there is no breathholding in А. N. Strelnikova’s breathing exercises at all. Using V. F. Frolov’s breathing gymnastics in cadets’ training increased the vital capacity up to 0,45 ± 0,15 litres. Conclusions. The most appropriate and simple in their usage are А. N. Strelnikova’s and V. F. Frolov’s breathing exercises which are additional ergogenic means in cadets’ psychical training. It is advisable to use V. F. Frolov’s trainer as additional methodics combined with the training process and as adaptation measures at the stage of preparing for competitions including training in midlands and highlands.