Вопрос о наступлении "новой эры в эпидемиологии малых доз радиации"

Автор: Котеров А.Н., Ушенкова Л.Н., Бирюков А.П., Самойлов А.С.

Журнал: Саратовский научно-медицинский журнал @ssmj

Статья в выпуске: 4 т.12, 2016 года.

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Рассмотрены данные прошлых и недавних лет об учащении раков и/или лейкозов после облучения людей в малых дозах (до 100 мГр) радиацией с низкой линейной передачей энергии, лучевая атрибутивность эффектов и возможность их экспериментального подтверждения. Ранее сведения о канцерогенных эффектах облучения в малых дозах не были однозначно трактуемыми в связи с наличием неопределенностей, субъективных уклонов и вмешивающихся факторов. Биологический механизм также отсутствовал. В последние 5-7 лет ситуация кардинально изменилась: получены более весомые данные, касающиеся облучения при компьютерной томографии, в стоматологии, при проживании в условиях повышенного естественного радиационного фона и др. Параллельно получены радиобиологические данные о повышении уровня двунитевых разрывов ДНК после воздействия в дозах от единиц миллигрей, что может рассматриваться как возможный молекулярный механизм названных эффектов. В результате продекларирована «новая эра в эпидемиологии малых доз» (Kitahara СМ, et al., 2015), что может приводить к издержкам в плане ужесточения радиационных рисков и к опасениям медицинского облучения. Проведенный в обзоре анализ последних эпидемиологических и радиобиологических данных свидетельствует, однако, что отсутствуют как однозначные доказательства радиационной атрибутивности канцерогенных эффектов, выявленных «новой эпидемиологией малых доз», так и доказанный молекулярный механизм, который мог бы обеспечить биологическое правдоподобие таким эффектам.

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Двунитевые разрывы днк, диагностическое облучение, канцерогенез, малые дозы радиации

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/14918383

IDR: 14918383

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