Вопрос о наступлении "новой эры в эпидемиологии малых доз радиации"

Котеров А.Н.; Ушенкова Л.Н.; Бирюков А.П.; Самойлов А.С.; Koterov A.N.; Ushenkova L.N.; Biryukov A.P.; Samoilov A.S.

Вопрос о наступлении "новой эры в эпидемиологии малых доз радиации"

Автор: Котеров А.Н., Ушенкова Л.Н., Бирюков А.П., Самойлов А.С.

Журнал: Саратовский научно-медицинский журнал @ssmj

Рубрика: Радиационная медицина

Статья в выпуске: 4 т.12, 2016 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Рассмотрены данные прошлых и недавних лет об учащении раков и/или лейкозов после облучения людей в малых дозах (до 100 мГр) радиацией с низкой линейной передачей энергии, лучевая атрибутивность эффектов и возможность их экспериментального подтверждения. Ранее сведения о канцерогенных эффектах облучения в малых дозах не были однозначно трактуемыми в связи с наличием неопределенностей, субъективных уклонов и вмешивающихся факторов. Биологический механизм также отсутствовал. В последние 5-7 лет ситуация кардинально изменилась: получены более весомые данные, касающиеся облучения при компьютерной томографии, в стоматологии, при проживании в условиях повышенного естественного радиационного фона и др. Параллельно получены радиобиологические данные о повышении уровня двунитевых разрывов ДНК после воздействия в дозах от единиц миллигрей, что может рассматриваться как возможный молекулярный механизм названных эффектов. В результате продекларирована «новая эра в эпидемиологии малых доз» (Kitahara СМ, et al., 2015), что может приводить к издержкам в плане ужесточения радиационных рисков и к опасениям медицинского облучения. Проведенный в обзоре анализ последних эпидемиологических и радиобиологических данных свидетельствует, однако, что отсутствуют как однозначные доказательства радиационной атрибутивности канцерогенных эффектов, выявленных «новой эпидемиологией малых доз», так и доказанный молекулярный механизм, который мог бы обеспечить биологическое правдоподобие таким эффектам.

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Двунитевые разрывы днк, диагностическое облучение, канцерогенез, малые дозы радиации

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/14918383

IDR: 14918383

The question of a ''new era in the low dose radiation epidemiology'' approach

The historical and recent years data on cancer and/or leukemia rate increasing after exposure of people in low dose (up to 100 mGy) radiation with a low LET, attributiveness of effects and the possibility of their experimental confirmation were considered. Previously, information about the carcinogenic effects of low doses was not clearly interpreted due to the presence of uncertainty, biases and confounders. The biological mechanism was also absent. In the last 5-7 years the situation has changed dramatically: more significant data were obtained: irradiation at computed tomography in dentistry, for residents of a high natural background radiation, and others. Simultaneously it was obtained radiobio-logical data on increased DNA double strand breaks level after exposure to doses from few milligrays and it can be considered as a possible molecular mechanism of these effects. As a result, was declared ''New Era in the Low Dose Radiation Epidemiology'' (Kitahara С M., et al., 2015), which can lead to costs in terms of tightening of radiation risks and to fear of medical exposure. The conducted in the review analysis of recent epidemiological and radiobiological evidence suggests, however, that there is no unambiguous evidence of attributed to radiation carcinogenic effects, identified during the ''New Epidemiology of Low Doses'', and there is no a proven molecular mechanism that could provide biological plausibility of such effects.

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