Retrocervical endometriosis: etiology, pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis and treatment

The review deals with contemporary issues of etiology, pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis and treatment of retrocervical endometriosis on the basis of existing data in the literature on this disease. Among the various forms of endometrial disease incidence retrocervical endometriosis, according to various authors, is 30-34%. The process is characterized by the formation of deep infiltrative lesions, originating from the recto-vaginal septum, without capsules and clear boundaries, extensively localizing, affecting the adjacent organs with the formation of scar-adhesions and characterizing this pathology as a multi-disciplinary (gynecological, surgical, urological). There are many options etio-pathogenesis of retrocervical endometriosis, but none of them fully explains the diversity of forms of expression and localization of this pathology. Particular attention is paid to the influence of immune and hormonal factors on the development of the disease. It is noted that currently there is no single universally accepted by clinicians and morphology full classification of retrocervical endometriosis, and there are no generally accepted standards of its diagnosis. The variants of the treatment of this disease have been considered including hormonal and immunomodulatory therapies.