Воспроизводство в рамках биосфероцентрической парадигмы жизни Владимира Вернадского

Reproduction is the main form of the movement of living matter on the planets, which has such intrinsic properties as a heredity and variability. Heredity - the identity of the parents and progenies in several generations of reproduction, variability and insufficiency of this identity. In seedage plants it is possible to allocate three types of reproduction: a) self-reduplication; b) cell division; c) the reproduction of seeds. In cells reduplicate of the DNA molecules, chromosomes, subcellular organelles (chloroplasts and mitochondria), the cells themselves are divided, and the new generation of seed reproduced by using the spores by biparental, or uniparental modes. The beginning of the experimental study of heredity upon the reproduction in plants is supposed by G. Mendel in the midnineteenth century. From the opening led to the birth of the theory of mutations, chromosomal theory of inheritance in particular, the chemical code of DNA, genocentrically paradigm of inheritance (GPI) and other. The nature of heredity is an ambiguous. Within the GPI inheritance of morphological characters associated with gene activity. Under the epigenetic paradigm inheritance (EPI) is the process of morphogenesis is associated not so much with the activity of genes, many see it as a set of processes of self complication and self-assembly of structures based on the gene products of the cell. The problems of reproduction of organic structures, of heredity and variation are closely related representations of the physical and the morphogenetic fields, the geometry of living space and molecules. One of the geometric characteristics of plants - bipolarity - field of forces influencing properties of symmetry and morphogenesis. Bipolarity is formed during the growth oriented along the spatial axes and planes, where are the symmetrical parts of plants (branches, leaves, flowers). Field forces characteristic the individual molecules and their ensembles, as well as cells, tissues and organs, form the geometry of the various parts of plants, in particular, the symmetry at different levels of the organization. An example of isomery of polymer molecules - proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, cells. The spatial arrangement of individual cells determines their role in the reproduction of the next generations, in particular, in the transmission of hereditary characteristics to the next generation of plants (appearance of stem cells from somatic). The development of human civilizations based on available food resources, level of production which is determined by the effectiveness of the breeeding methods and a seed reproduction. Breeding and seed production of plants based on seed propagation in plants, based on biotechnology in vivo is one of the forms of the noosphere of human activity.