Spring Triticale Cultivation in Mixed Crops with Legumes for Fodder Purposes in Russia’s Northwest

The aim of the work is to analyze the species composition, productivity and nutritional value of plant communities created by mixed sowing of spring triticale with peas, vetch and oats in the Northwestern region of the Russian Federation. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that optimal combinations of the crops presented above have been established for the specified territory, ensuring stable production of green mass. The research work was carried out in accordance with the methodological guidelines of the All-Russian Research Institute of Feed for Field Experiments. The experimental base was located at the experimental field of NWDFGMRI, which is a separate subdivision of VolRC RAS. The experimental scheme provided for five different variants of crops; each one was repeated three times. The area of the accounting plots was 12 square meters. The following annual crops were used to form crops: spring triticale (Dobroe variety), field peas (Vologdsky usatyi variety), spring vetch (Lgovskaya-22 variety) and oats (Max variety). The system of tillage generally accepted for this region was used. During the growing season, the following productive indicators were obtained per hectare: from 26.1 to 28.0 tons of green mass, from 5.16 to 5.81 tons of dry mass, 3.3–4.2 thousand feed units and 0.62–0.92 tons of crude protein. The output of the exchange energy was 46.5–55.2 GJ. In terms of dry weight yield, the bean-cereal mixture presented by option 5 proved to be the most effective. Its indicators exceeded the control version by 0.65 t/ha, which is 12.6%. The maximum crude protein content (13.7 and 15.6%) was recorded in the plant mass of legume-cereal mixtures of variants 3 and 5. The data obtained can be used in agricultural enterprises of the Northwestern region of Russia.