Possibilities of use of echographic markers to prognose successful implantation (review)

The increasing number of implantation failures even with application of reproductive technologies makes scientific society look for new ways to assess the state of the internal genitals in terms of the readiness of female body for implantation. Echographic assessment of the uterus and ovaries allows us to study in detail a number of prognostic markers of the probability of pregnancy. The purpose of the review is to present new data illustrating modern achievements in ultrasound diagnostics, when describing the characteristic changes in the internal genitals of women during the implantation window, to summarize the information obtained for the convenience of its use by obstetricians-gynecologists and reproductologists when reading ultrasound reports. The analysis of 47 publications from domestic and foreign sources of literature on the given topic, published over the period of 1995–2021, has been carried out. Electronic databases e-Library, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science have been used to search for articles. The authors have identified the main conditions of ultrasound examination (USE) (from the 19th to the 23d day of the menstrual cycle) and the main echographic markers which characterize the function of the corpus luteum, the state of the endometrium, as well as the perfusion of the uterus and endometrium based on the measurement of resistance indices in the uterine, basal, spiral arteries during a possible successful implantation