The possibilities of improvement of sowing and yield qualities of seeds of sunflower line by means of agricultural methods

In 2023-2024, we determined the possibility of improving the sowing and yield properties of the seeds of the maternal form of sunflower through agricultural practices (fertilizers, seeding rates, as well as chemical and biological plant protection products) in the breeding plot of the line. The object of the study was the CMS line VK1-klp A, which is the maternal form of the sunflower hybrid Klip. The research was conducted under field and laboratory conditions at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops according to generally accepted methods. It was found that the agricultural practices applied on the breeding plot mainly did not have a significant effect on the seed yield and yield structure. But for some of its elements in some variants there was a positive growth dynamic in comparison with the control (on the head diameter -by 1.4 cm, number and weight of filled seeds in the head - by 110-152 pieces and 6.7-9.6 g, thousand-seed weight - 6.2-6.7 g). The highest yield was obtained when fertilizers were used together with chemical plant protection products - 1.25 t/ha, as well as in the case of using only fertilizers - 1.18 t/ha. The phytopathological examination of seeds showed that the highest percentage (94.7 %) of healthy seedlings was recorded in the mean calibrated fraction of seeds. The grown seeds of the maternal form were characterized by high laboratory (92-100 %) and field (92-93 %) germination rates. The agricultural practices used in the experiment are effective elements of technology, providing seeds with high indicators of the sowing and yield properties of the maternal form VK1 -klp A of the sunflower hybrid Klip.