Regularities and peculiarities of the state origin in the nomad society (on the materials of the Mongolian historiography)

The state building problem lies among the perennial ones. The majority of works on social science devoted to the state emerged in settled agricultural societies. Meanwhile, the other scenarios of social evolution are also of interest, particularly the way the state was set up in a nomadic pastoral society, as well as its birth in medieval Mongolia. The key issue in studying nomadic medieval state and law history is to determine the nature of its origin. Contradictions on the matter lie within the conceptual differences of civilizational and formational approaches to the typology of state and law. The developing of modern methodological approach became a relevant issue for the Russian historical science as at the end of the last century it gave up the dominant methodology of historical materialism, but failed to develop the equal alternative. The aforementioned point manifests itself in studies on the early forms of state among nomadic nations. Until now the educational and scientific literature present the issue primary in terms of socio-economic and anthropological theories of the XIX century. The developing of modern methodology can't come down to pure borrowing from European science that doesn’t have a solid assessment of socio-political system of medieval nomads, the Mongols in particular. Describing the main ideas on studying the state building among Mongolian nations, we should point out that the state is defined as a political and legal organization aimed to fight misconduct, to provide material and moral values, to achieve political and social goals. This approach allows identifying patterns of emergence of state among different nations with different social and economic structure. The article has the main points of theoretical analysis of the genesis of the state.