Genre of good wish (yoral) in Kalmyk poetry of the 20th -beginning of the 21st century: zul holiday

Among the Kalmyk folk wishes, calendar ritual wishes occupy a certain place associated with the way of life of nomads, their worldview, beliefs, culture, habitat, and way of life. The most famous yoryals-good wishes are: the meeting of winter / New Year (Zul), the meeting of spring - Tsahan Sar (White Moon), less often - the meeting of summer Yrs Sar (Uryus Sar). In a number of folklore collections of different years, such texts were published in the original, sometimes with a parallel Russian translation. Previously, yoryals were part of the ritual of a particular holiday, over time they began to be performed independently. Along with these ancient well-wishes, new samples of calendar yoryals, presented in collections and books, continue to be created. The revival of Buddhism in Kalmykia at the end of the last century led to the active functioning of both the indicated folklore genres and the restoration of the customs and rituals of these holidays to one degree or another, including at the republican level. The atheistic policy of the Soviet state influenced the author’s genres of wishes on such a ritual theme in the Kalmyk poetry of the last century. Few samples appeared in the 1980s -1990s, mainly addressed to two holidays - Zul and Tsagaan Sar. This trend is also characteristic of the beginning of the new century, despite the lifting of bans and the return of cultural heritage. The genre of calendar wishes was usually addressed by poets of the older generation both in the past and in the present. Their texts, on the one hand, in form and content are close to the folklore tradition, but, on the other hand, in a transformed way show the plot plan, personal discourse, stylistic originality. There are traditional Zul markers: veneration of fire, sun, family, ancestor worship, gods, nature, prayer, and the addition of age.