Genre of good wish (yoral) in Kalmyk poetry of the 20th-beginning of the 21st century: white month (tsagan sar). Part 1

Representative poems by Kalmyk poets in the native and Russian languages, addressed to the calendar holiday of the meeting of spring - Tsagan Sar, were created in the second half of the last century, when the revival of national rituals and customs began, the celebration of Zul and Tsagan Sar. The appeal to folklore analogues - good wishes in honor of these calendar holidays - contributed to the emergence of the genre of good wishes in Kalmyk poetry about the meetings of winter, spring and summer, first as creative adaptations of folk samples (S. Kalyaev and others), then as authorial ones. Legends about the appearance of the Tsagaan Sar holiday are stated in the verses of L. Indzhiev and R. Khaninova. Most of the poems of Kalmyk poets of different generations convey the continuity of the folklore tradition in the very titles “Tsakhan Sar” (“White Moon”): a description of the departure of winter and the onset of spring, a greeting ritual, the exchange of gifts, going to visit, tea drinking with bortsyks, good wishes to live without wars and troubles, in peace and harmony, in prosperity and joy, in friendship and love, with the addition of a family and the offspring of livestock. The monologic form, sometimes including elements of a dialogue-greeting, is replete with rhetorical figures, comparisons, epithets, metaphors, personification, appeals to deities (Okon-Tengri, Tsagaan Ezn, etc.), reproduction of the initial Buddhist prayer, formulary. The gender aspect in the well-wishing of the White Moon is manifested in the description of the process of making tea and bortsyks by B. Sangadzhieva. In a broad sense, the yoryals on Tsagaan Sar have something in common with other yoryals as a projection of the worldview of nomads living in close relationship with the surrounding nature and neighboring peoples. The traditional poetic form of the yoryals was reflected in the verses of Kalmyk poets, both short and lengthy.