The magtal genre in the Kalmyk poetry of the twentieth century. Article one

The article considers the magtal genre in the laudatory poetry of the Kalmyk poets of the twentieth century, which had not previously become the object and subject of research. The analysis of the poetic works of Khasyr Suan-Belgin and Lidji Indjiyev in the genre of magtala-praise revealed two trends. The first trend: Kalmyk poets in the title and / or in the subtitle position a purposeful appeal to the declared genre, creating magtals in the tradition of a folklore analogue with the introduction of the author’s beginning. The second trend: the attribution of representative texts to laudatory poetry, specifically to magtal, is determined by the form and content, theme, typology of the hero, proximity to the folklore tradition, despite the fact that the author does not label his work in any way in the aspect of interest to us. The studied examples are characterized by a synthesis of genres: magtal-yoryal, magtal-dun, magtal-poem-story in verse. The author’s magtals, as well as folklore ones, differ in volume, short (from one dozen to several dozen lines) and lengthy (over a hundred lines), as well as in length and also in form (solid text / stanza, “ladder”), in structure (introduction, main part, conclusion; ring framing, frame construction), they are close in the traditions of national versification, in reference to folklore examples, in references to the epic “Jangar” (Bumba country, Khan Jangar, his heroes). The epic past and epochal present are manifested in the author’s magtals by the methods of antithesis, comparison, metaphor, hyperbole, epithet, phraseology. The connection with modernity is manifested both in the typology of heroes and in the vocabulary that conveys new realities and details, foreign words and terms.