Желудочно-кишечные кровотечения при использовании новых пероральных антикоагулянтов: эпидемиология, факторы риска, лечение и профилактика
Автор: Мороз Е.В., Каратеев А.Е., Крюков Е.В., Чернецов В.А.
Журнал: Научно-практическая ревматология @journal-rsp
Рубрика: Обзоры
Статья в выпуске: 6 т.55, 2017 года.
Бесплатный доступ
Новые пероральные антикоагулянты (НОАК) - прямой ингибитор тромбина дабигатран, селективные ингибиторы фактора Xaривароксабан и апиксабан - все шире используются в реальной клинической практике как эффективное антитромботическое средство. К сожалению, эти препараты могут вызывать серьезные неблагоприятные реакции, среди которых одним из наиболее частых является желудочно-кишечное кровотечение. Это осложнение ежегодно развивается у 2-3% больных, принимающих НОАК. Источники кровотечения могут находиться как в верхних, так и в нижних отделах желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ). Нередко причиной кровотечения становятся недиагностированные новообразования ЖКТ, чаще - колоректальный рак. Согласно данным клинических и когортных исследований, наибольший риск кровотечений отмечается при использовании ривароксабана. Факторами риска являются пожилой возраст, сопутствующий прием нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов, аспирина, других антикоагулянтов, патология ЖКТ, инфекция H. pylori, нарушение функции почек и печени, прием алкоголя. Лечение желудочно-кишечного кровотечения осуществляется по общим принципам, с использованием эндоскопических и хирургических методов. Особое значение придается блокаде антикоагулянтного действия НОАК. В последнее время с этой целью была разработана и проходит клиническую апробацию целая серия «антидотов» - идаруцизумаб (он уже применяется в ряде стран мира), андексанет и цирапарантаг. Профилактика кровотечений заключается в контроле факторов риска, рациональном использовании НОАК, профилактическом назначении ингибиторов протонной помпы, своевременном прерывании приема антикоагулянтов перед травматичными медицинскими манипуляциями на органах ЖКТ (в частности, перед определенными эндоскопическими процедурами).
Антикоагулянты, дабигатран, ривароксабан, апиксабан, неблагоприятные реакции, желудочно-кишечное кровотечение, факторы риска, лечение, профилактика
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/14945881
IDR: 14945881 | DOI: 10.14412/1995-4484-2017-675-684
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