Жирный хвост у овец: методы изучения генетических механизмов формирования фенотипа и идентифицированные гены-кандидаты (обзор)

Автор: Денискова Т.Е., Kunz E., Medugorac I., Доцев А.В., Brem G., Зиновьева Н.А.

Журнал: Сельскохозяйственная биология @agrobiology

Рубрика: Обзоры

Статья в выпуске: 6 т.54, 2019 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Жирнохвостые овцы, на долю которых приходится 25 % мировой популяции овец, широко распространены в странах Африки, Азии (A. Davidson, 1999), на Ближнем Востоке (S.P. Alves c соавт., 2013), а также в России (И.М. Дунин с соавт., 2013). Курдючный овечий жир был важным ингредиентом национальной кухни у многих этнических групп (С. Perry, 1995; A. Hajihosseinlo с соавт., 2015). В настоящее время растет спрос на постную пищу и снижение потребления жира, в связи с чем преимущества повышенного жироотложения в области хвостов у овец теряют значимость для производства продуктов питания (A. Nejati-Javaremi c соавт., 2007; M. Moradi c соавт., 2012). Развитие технологий геномного редактирования (N.A. Zinovieva с соавт., 2018) делает актуальным поиск генов, обусловливающих фенотип жирного хвоста, для их последующего нокаута при сохранении других ценных свойств жирнохвостых пород. В настоящем обзоре обобщены результаты исследований по идентификации генов-кандидатов, ассоциированных с признаком жирного хвоста. Для идентификации генов-кандидатов используются различные методы: поиск локусов под давлением селекции (signatures of selection) на основе расчета различий в частотах аллелей (значения Fst) или гаплотипов между популяциями (метод hapFLK) (M.H. Moradi c соавт., 2012; M.I. Fariello c соавт., 2013; C.M. Rochus c соавт., 2018); полногеномные ассоциативные исследования (genome-wide association study, GWAS), для проведения которых необходимо создать базу фенотипической вариабельности изучаемого признака (S.S. Xu c соавт., 2017); анализ вариации числа копий (copy number variation, CNV), способных изменять экспрессию генов из-за делеции или дублирования генов в регионах вариации (C. Zhu c соавт., 2016; Q. Ma c соавт., 2017; V. Bhanuprakash c соавт., 2018); изучение экспрессии генов с помощью технологии RNA-seq (RNA sequencing), основанной на транскриптомном анализе с использованием технологии секвенирования нового поколения (next generation sequencing, NGS) (W.A. Hoeijmakers, 2013). Суммируя результаты исследований, можно выделить наиболее значимые гены-кандидаты, ассоциированные с депонированием жира в хвостовой области у овец: BMP2 и VRTN (Z. Yuan c соавт., 2017; S. Mastrangelo c соавт., 2018; Z. Pan c соавт., 2019); PDGFD (C. Wei c соавт., 2015; S. Mastrangelo c соавт., 2018); гены семейства Homeobox (D. Kang c соавт., 2017; A.A. Yurchenko c соавт., 2019; A. Ahbara c соавт., 2019); SP9 (Z. Yuan c соавт., 2017; D. Kang c соавт., 2017); WDR92 и ETAA1 (Z. Yuan c соавт., 2017; L. Ma c соавт., 2018); CREB1 (S.S. Xu c соавт., 2017; L. Ma c соавт., 2018); FABP4 (M.R. Bakhtiarizadeh c соавт. 2013; B. Li c соавт., 2018); PPARA, RXRA, KLF11, ADD1, FASN, PPP1CA и PDGFA (C. Zhu c соавт., 2016; Q. Ma c соавт., 2017). Для поиска генов-кандидатов, вовлеченных в формирование жирного хвоста у российских пород, и последующего проведения полногеномных ассоциативных исследований заложена ресурсная популяция овец, полученная от скрещивания длинножирнохвостой карачаевской и короткотощехвостой романовской пород (ФНЦ животноводства - ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. Эрнста).

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Домашние овцы, жирный хвост, курдюк, генетический маркер, днк-чипы

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/142226268

IDR: 142226268   |   DOI: 10.15389/agrobiology.2019.6.1065rus

Список литературы Жирный хвост у овец: методы изучения генетических механизмов формирования фенотипа и идентифицированные гены-кандидаты (обзор)

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