Agriculture and tourism: history of development

Agrotourism is a type of travel in the countryside with the aim of leisure, sports, health, spiritual and educational activities. The term agrotourism is a combination of two terms: agrarian and tourism. The word tourism in French is a broad term that means tourisme - travel, leisure as well as sports and all-around-the-world or political-educational tasks. Agrarian (lot. Agrarius) - 1) concerning land, land use, possession; 2) A word that indicates that agricultural production takes priority over industry. Agrotourism first began to develop in the 1970s with such names as rural, peasant and farm tourism. In Italy, December 5, 1985, agrotourism is a reality A special law was adopted. The law provides tax incentives to farmers engaged in tourism, preferential bank loans, and free access to information. These stimulated the rapid development of agrotourist services and routes. As a result, in 1985, farmers in Italy's provinces received 550,000 agrotourists, and by 2017, the number of tourists could reach 12 million. The net profit was 750 billion TL.

In developed countries, agrotourism is based on a number of possibilities and specific forms. Experience of Italy, Germany, Fr Antsia, USA is important in this regard. In Italy agribusiness services are divided into three types: 1) nature and health; 2) national cuisine (gastronomy). 3) sport and wellness. In particular, agro-tourism in the first type of agribusiness is combined with ecotourism. Such agribusinesses are located in the watersheds of the Kyanti, Umbria, Sicily provinces, reserves and national parks. The second type of agriculture is organized in such areas as Liguria, Tuscany, Veneto, Umbria, Marque, Pulea, Calabria, each of which specializes in the production of certain exotic products. For example, wine is produced and sold in Lazio region, and in Abruzzo, olive oil. In the third type of agribusiness, there is a large number of sports facilities, which specialize in active recreation of agrotourists. There are all conditions for tourists to do swimming, cycling, tennis and horse riding. In Italy, peasant households have between 1 and 5 "flower" levels of quality services for agrotourists, according to which the prices are differentiated. In addition, Italy has 5 national parks (total area of 272,000 hectares), more than 150 reserves and orders (103,500 hectares) with agro-tourism combined with environmental tourism throughout the year.

France is one of the first European countries to develop agro-tourism, such as Italy. The moderate nature and climatic conditions of the country are favorable for agriculture. Agricultural land accounts for 35.6% of the country's territory, 40% of which are pastures and pastures. Livestock breeding (cattle, sheep breeding, pigs) is well developed due to the large areas of pastureland. In the rural areas of France, the national traditions associated with livestock production, farms, vineyards and gardens, wine, cheese production, and agricultural production are used as agro-tourism facilities. The regional peculiarity of agritourism in the country is that it is organized as a small family business.

Although the development of agrotourism in Germany began in the 1970s, it was only in the western part of the country until the mid-1990s. After the integration of West and East Germany into a single state, agro-tourism developed in its eastern part. In Germany, 13% of tourists rest in rural areas and live in farms and hostels. In Germany agrotourism is divided into the following types of tourists: 1) on farms; 2) in villages; 3) in farms producing wine. A number of small businesses producing souvenirs and agricultural souvenirs have been established under the German wine producers. Several farms specialize in supplying restaurants and cafes with milk, vegetables and melons.

In the US, agrotourism is mostly developed in Florida, California, and northeastern states. About 40% of the population lives in these areas. Corn fields, cotton growers, sugar cane plantations, national traditions and local holidays are the main agro-tourist sites. Agrotourism service users, including urban dwellers, spend weekends in the countryside on Saturdays and Sundays. The visit of agricultural agents to the villages is mainly due to the period of harvest of agricultural products.

Agrotourism plays an important role in the development of the socioeconomic infrastructure of the regions as important sectors of the economy (transport and communications, agriculture, construction, production). This is because in the modern tourism industry, the following services are provided to international tourists:

• 1)    Provision of tourists to the country and transportation services for tourists throughout the country. At the same time, it is important to avoid the shortcomings of domestic and international vehicles and tourism;

• 2)    tourist spots (hotels, motels, camps, etc.);

• 3)    Food for tourists (restaurants, cafes, bars, etc.);

• 4)    tourism product promotion;

• 5)    services of travel agencies for the sale of tourism products (booking of hotels, hotel bookings);

• 6)    Meeting the cultural needs of tourists (museums, exhibitions, etc.);

• 7)    satisfaction of business and scientific interests of tourists (scientific conferences, various meetings);

• 8)    trade enterprises of general and special purpose (souvenirs, booklets, cards, tourist goods);

• 9)    control and administrative bodies (documents, border, customs control);

• 10)    nature protection services, monuments, museums;

• 11)    tourist information services;

• 12)    Providing tourists with communication facilities (mail, telegraph, telephone, fax);

• 13)    Mass media (television, newspapers, magazines);

• 14)    state tourism establishments;

• 15)    foreign legal entities and state tourism organizations;

• 16)    insurance companies;

• 17)    Satisfaction with entertainment (attractions, attractions, clubs, etc.).

The widespread use of innovative activities in the country as a key socioeconomic factor in the development of tourism is important. Introduction of the latest technologies such as e-tourism and e-travel and the use of online information services provide direct delivery of tourism services to users. Information from these sources can be used as a basis for planning travel, price comparisons and excursion plans.

Used sources:

• 1.    Абдуганиев О., Махкамов Э., Абдувалиев Ҳ. Рекреация ва туризм

  географияси. Ўқув қўлланма. – Фарғона: 2017.

• 2.    Атали Ж. На пороге нового тысячелетия. -М.: Международные отношения, 1993.

• 3.    Новиков В. С. Инновации в туризме -М.: Академия, 2007. -208 с.

"Экономика и социум" №2(69) 2020