Analiza međunarodnih pravnih instrumenata - Konvencija UN-a protiv transnacionalnog organizovanog kriminala i protokoli protiv trgovine ljudima i krijumčarenja migranata
Автор: Arhin Antonela
Журнал: Pravo - teorija i praksa @pravni-fakultet
Рубрика: Original scientific work
Статья в выпуске: 11-12 vol.27, 2010 года.
Бесплатный доступ
Iregularna migracija predstavlja kretanje koje se odvija izvan regulatornih normi država porekla, tranzita i destinacija. Konvencija Ujedinjenih nacija protiv transnacionalnog organizovanog kriminala, zajedno sa protokolima, trgovinu ljudima i krijumčarenje migranata posmatra upravo sa gledišta iregularnih migracija rizikujući da zaštita prava žrtava trgovine i krijumčarenih migranata bude marginalizovana. Ipak, ovi instrumenti, sa pravnog aspekta, predstavljaju veliki podrstrek naporima koji se ulažu da bi se što bolje razumela ova dva fenomena, kao i u cilju pružanja podrške ljudima kojima se trguje ili krijumčari. Ova Konvencija predstavlja prvi univerzalni, pravno obavezujući instrument Ujedinjenih nacija u oblasti borbe protiv kriminala. Iako nam se čini, putem definicija dva protokola koji dopunjavaju Konvenciju, da su trgovina ljudima i krijumčarenje migranata na suprotnim krajevima dugog kontinuuma, realnost nije ni približno tako jednostavna. Ove dve kriminalne delatnosti se poklapaju u mnogim slučajevima što dodatno otežava pravilnu klasifikaciju vrste kriminaliteta pri identifikovanju žrtava. Dodatni problem predstavlja činjenica da niti jedan protokol ne sadrži uputstva za identifikaciju žrtava trgovine ljudima ili krijumčarenih migranata. Osim toga, nedostatak je što oba protokola zaštitu žrtava trgovine i krijumčarenih migranata posmatraju kao opciju, što opet ukazuje da su ove dve kriminalne delatnosti pitanja više vezana za kriminal i kontrolu granica negoli pitanje ljudskih prava usled čega nije neretko da i jedna i druga grupa žrtava bivaju krivično gonjena. Ipak, pozitivno je da postoje međunarodni pravni instrumenti poput ove Konvencije, kao i da je postignut dogovor oko usvojenih definicija protokola kojima se države mogu služiti u borbi protiv trgovine ljudima i krijumčarenja migranata kao rezultata iregularnih migracija. Ono na šta treba staviti naglasak u smislu dalje borbe jeste bavljenje uzrocima tih migracija u svrhu donošenja trajnog rešenja u pogledu iskorenjivanja trgovine ljudima i krijumčarenja migranata.
Trgovina ljudima, krijumčarenje migranata, iregularne migracije, UN Konvencija protiv transnacionalnog organizovanog kriminala
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/170202642
IDR: 170202642
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