Battery Management System for Solar Power Plants in Uganda: An IoT-Driven Approach

In Uganda, the efficiency and reliability of solar power plants are often compromised due to inadequate battery management, leading to reduced battery lifespan and suboptimal performance. To address this challenge, this project develops and prototypes a smart Battery Management System (BMS) tailored for solar power plants. The system continuously monitors key battery parameters, including voltage, load current, and temperature, while leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technology for real-time data transmission and remote monitoring. Intelligent algorithms autonomously regulate charging and discharging cycles to prevent overcharging and deep discharge, optimizing battery performance. Testing demonstrated that the BMS significantly improved battery lifespan and energy efficiency by disconnecting charging at 100% and isolating the load at 10% discharge to prevent battery degradation. Additionally, the system disconnects power when battery temperature exceeds 30°C (ambient temperature: 25°C) and detects abnormal current levels above 0.16A to mitigate faults such as short circuits. These automated protections enhance battery reliability and longevity. By implementing proactive battery management strategies, the developed BMS contributes to more efficient and resilient energy storage systems, promoting sustainable energy development in Uganda.