Binary opposition as an object of linguistic research

This study examines binary opposition, which has always been the object of interest of many scientists. Binary oppositions are pairs of contrasting concepts that organize language and thinking. They represent fundamental contrasts that are used to classify and categorize elements of language. Binary oppositions can be classified into three main groups: semantic oppositions, phonological oppositions and syntactic oppositions. They are used to: describe the phonological and grammatical systems of languages, analyze semantic relations and categorization, study the cognitive processes underlying language perception and production, develop linguistic theories and models. Understanding binary oppositions is important for linguists studying language at all levels, as well as for researchers in cognitive science, philosophy of language, and other related disciplines. The article examines the semantic type of binary opposition and the ways in which binary semantic oppositions manifest themselves in literary and substandard languages. Binary oppositions in both literary and substandard language reflect the norms and values of society. By considering binary oppositions in standard and substandard languages, it is possible to identify differences between these two varieties of language. The study of binary oppositions in standard and substandard language provides valuable information about language structure, meaning, sociocultural norms, and literary analysis.