Classification of terms in the field of treasury

It is no secret that the concept of economics existed at the beginning of human evolution. But it was in a slightly simpler form. For example, even when people had not yet learned to speak or build, there was always the issue of eating and drinking, that is, consumption. Later, the transition to clothing led to an increase in human needs. At first, all the necessary needs were met, but over time, this became more difficult, and the exchange process began. In this case, a tribe or tribe exchanged animal skins, food, pets, and tools for work with another tribe or tribe. This process, along with humanity, has evolved and evolved over the centuries and has been called the economy to this day. The word "economy" is derived from the Greek word meaning "economy", "doctrine", the doctrine of agriculture. In short, the economy consists of the process of production, supply and consumption.

This is its simplest definition. On a broader scale, it would be appropriate to understand the economy as any attempt to improve the quality of life of a person in exchange for meeting his needs. Its main element is a resource. The science that studies economics is called economic theory. Today’s economic system is very different from its old form. It is complicated. At present, there are such types of economics as microeconomics and macroeconomics. In this case, due to the size of the object is divided into such types. That is, the part that studies the activities of relatively small businesses, enterprises and organizations is called microeconomics. The science of economics, which deals with economic issues at the national level, is called macroeconomics. Such issues as economic growth, inflation, unemployment, GDP per capita and so on are studied. The treasury sector of the economy plays an important role in managing the country's economy. The treasury is an important organizational structure for the targeted allocation and efficient use of the state budget. Money in the state budget is collected mainly through taxes, and this money is distributed to the sectors for the development of the country, the well-being of the people. Delivery of the allocated funds to the required point is entrusted to the treasury. In short, the state treasury is the "cashier" of this state. The transition of the state budget to the treasury means that the country has achieved a certain economic stability. Since the state budget is the main wealth of the country, its expenditure is important, and the "heart" of the country's financial process, the proper management of the treasury is an important task at the level of public affairs.

Treasury is a division of a company or financial institution that has full rights to manage assets and liabilities. In the state sense, the country's treasury is the main body of financial senses that possesses information about the state treasury.

The main task of the Treasury is to make payments, monitor cash flows, and analyze the deficit or surplus in a timely manner. Any treasury actively cooperates with other financial institutions, operates in accordance with established financial rules and regulations. In addition, the treasury works in the same way as in the foreign exchange market, the stock market, the interbank market.

The treasury of the organization is the main division of the corporation, bank or other financial institution. Its main task is to ensure liquidity. This means making payments, attracting funds in case of shortage, placing free funds in the financial (money, currency, stock, etc.) markets for their own or customers' operations. Operations in the financial markets are carried out directly by the treasury or by a transaction department that may be part of the treasury and may be parallel to it in the management of the organization's assets and liabilities.

The second task of the Treasury is to manage market risks in order to profit from the expected development of market conditions. Market risk includes interest rate, currency and capital risks.

Interest rate risk is managed by setting base interest rates and transfer prices for branches and other revenue divisions. Depending on the structure and size of the organization, the base interest rates and transfer prices are set by the treasury itself or by the asset and liability management committee at the request of the treasury.

Currency risk management is carried out by opening currency positions, ie buying or selling some currencies to others (often national for foreign ones), as well as restrictions on the value of currency positions of branches and other useful divisions. . Securities risk management is carried out through the formation of portfolios of securities (stocks, bonds, promissory notes, etc.).

The third task of the Treasury is to coordinate the above functions within the framework of centralized management of assets and liabilities of the organization.

In the modern Uzbek literary language, the terminology of the treasury is distinguished by the multilingual origin of the terms - common Turkish, Uzbek, Arabic, Persian, European terms (Latin, Greek, English, etc.). Terms can be of two types:

• 1)    Mutual terms used both in the Uzbek language and in many other languages of the world;

• 2)    Conditional terms (not terms used in Uzbek and, as a rule, in Arabic or Persian, and possibly in some other Turkic languages).

Terms used in the treasury are usually financial and economic terms used in other sectors of the economy, as well as some of them are "original" terms in the treasury, including "marking".

The results of the comparative analysis of financial and economic terms, activities in the field of treasury show that English, Russian and Uzbek languages in this terminological system are very common, as many concepts, principles and categories in all languages (or almost all) similar or identical.

Today, the world is evolving every second, not every day. In our rapidly evolving life, modern people are required to keep up with everything, keep abreast of innovations and be able to effectively use the knowledge of science and technology. Like all spheres of social life, the sphere of economy plays an important role in today's world. First of all, the economy, then all the other sectors, following the word of politics, are based on the economy. As our esteemed President said: "Implementation of such an important principle and priority as ensuring the sustainable growth of our economy will remain a strategic task for me as head of state."

BOOKS

"Экономика и социум" №1(80) 2021