Creativity of P. I. Chaykovsky in musical culture lessons in a general educational school

Pyotr Ilyich Chaykovsky, who went down in history as the founder of Russian ballet (Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, Nutcracker), as the creator of a new type of symphony, which can be called a symphony - drama, symphony tragedy. In the sixth symphony, Chaykovsky-symphony played as an artist, who summed up the symphony of the XIX century, interpreting philosophically and emotionally the main trends of classical and romantic art, as the most modern of the composers of his era. P. I. Chaykovsky enriched the sphere of lyric romance, piano literature. He entered the history of music as the creator of the children's piano repertoire ("Children's Album").His piano cycle "The Seasons", consisting of 12 pieces, according to the number of months in a year, ideally represents images and pictures of Russian nature in a characteristic for Chaykovsky lyrical plan. In the world piano literature there is no work in which it is so simple and at the same time ingenious, the cycle of alternating months, the life of nature and people was transmitted. The immortal works of P. I. Chaykovsky (operas “Eugene Onegin”, “The Queen of Spades”, the Sixth Symphony and others) stand in one row with the works of A.S. Pushkin, L.Tolstoy and play a huge role in shaping musical culture and musical taste the younger generation. They are included in the program of musical culture lessons in a secondary school.

During the lessons of musical culture in a comprehensive school in the process of listening to music in the second class, the following works of the outstanding Russian composer of the 19th century, P. I. Chaykovsky, are studied: the ballet - The Nutcracker fairy tale, the final 4 symphonies, the Neapolitan Polka. In the third class, in the process of listening, they become acquainted with the play “Autumn” by Chaykovsky from the cycle “The Seasons”, with the balletfairy tale “Sleeping Beauty”, and also with the First Piano Concerto - (fragments -intro, third part).In fifth grade, students listen to a fragment from the ballet Swan Lake, Eugene Onegin, The Queen of Spades. In the study of these works develop musical and creative abilities. Feelings of enthusiasm, love of music, which are important in the life of the growing generation, are brought up.

Listening and performing one of the most popular waltzes - “Waltz of Flowers” from the ballet “The Nutcracker” by P. Chaykovsky, introduces students not only a whole string of beautiful melodies that follow one another, but also the main instrument performing the waltz - the harp. Students also get acquainted with other instruments: the main theme of four French horns solemnly and smoothly, it is replaced by a lyrical melody from the strings, followed by a light, elegant melody from the flutes and oboes, and the wide and melodic from the cellos. This lesson prepares for a closer acquaintance with the symphony orchestra and its instruments, which will be held in the third quarter.

When listening to P. Chaykovsky's Autumn Song, the attention of the children is directed to the expressiveness of the music, the beauty of the melody, its soulful song character. It is important that when sharing their impressions about the music they hear, the guys are not fond of “fantasizing” on the themes of falling leaves, drizzling rain. In the play of P. Chaykovsky, the main thing is not the image, but the feelings and thoughts of a person, his thoughts about the withering of nature and the fall of human life. From the general mood, nature of music, you can go to a more detailed examination of the music of P. Chaykovsky, drawing attention to what, for example, a greater semantic load carries in it the mapping of major and minor. In this music, major is like a ray of sunshine trying to break through the clouds, but the music still remains minor, and the mood is sad.

Thus, on the example of the works of P. I. Chaikovsky, we examined the role they play in the process of shaping the musical taste of students in general education schools.

When studying works by P. I. Chaykovsky, students will learn about the significance of music in people's lives, about the relationship between the life and work of the composer, about the embodiment of the composer's creative intent, about the idea, the content of the musical work that is transmitted by the performer and perceived by the listener. In the process of studying the works of this outstanding composer, students form an listening and performing culture, abilities and skills of perception and transmission in the performance of music of various character, form and content. Develop musical, creative abilities, musical thinking. Spiritual, moral and aesthetic qualities of the personality, interest and dedication to music are brought up. Through the work of P. I. Chaykovsky, students get acquainted with such musical genres as ballet, opera, piano concerto, symphony, get acquainted with musical instruments, schoolchildren develop auditory and visual memory, imagination, imagination, creative and logical thinking, and, of course - musical taste.