Д. И. Менделеев как экономист (к 150-летию периодической таблицы)

Introduction. In 2019 the 150th anniversary of the famous Periodic Table of the great Russian scientist, chemist and economist D. I. Mendeleev will be celebrated. The idea of polymorphism, laid down in the basis of the periodic law discovered by him, has not been practically considered in application to the market economy system, although the practical relevance and perspective of such analysis are becoming more evident in the conditions of modern globalism. The appeal to the little explored aspects of the economic heritage of D. I. Mendeleev makes it possible in many ways to take a fresh look at the prospects for the development of the Russian economy. Materials and methods. The research uses methods of analysis, synthesis, generalizations and axiology, as well as historical-retrospective, historical-genetic and hermeneutic methods of studying problem questions in the history of economic science. The research is based on the original sources: the economic works of D. I. Mendeleev and his contemporaries - economists. Results. The article reveals little-studied aspects of socio-economic views of D. I. Mendeleev. Among his most significant theoretical and economic achievements, the idea of polymorphism applied to markets, the theory of the territorial distribution of productive forces, the law of advanced development of the production of means of production, the concept of incentive taxation, the protectionist draft of the customs tariff and the concept of value determination of economic activity are highlighted. The attitude of D. I. Mendeleev to the economic concepts of S. Yu. Witte, F. Liszt, K. Marx, I. G. von Thünen, as well as his idea of the main directions of the development of the Russian economy are shown. Discussion and conclusions. The authors characterized special and general studies of foreign and domestic authors on various aspects of the economic heritage of D. I. Mendeleev. Conclusions are made about the urgency of the idea of polymorphism proposed by D. I. Mendeleev in analyzing the morphology of the market economy, the principle of protectionism in the context of the current aggravation of international competition, and his judgment on the need for priority development of innovative industries of domestic industry, taking into account the modern industrial revolution and the transition to a new technological order.