Humanistic refraction of the concept of "universality" in the utopian projects of A.A. Bogdanov and V. Khlebnikov

Against the background of the widest variety of futurological and utopian experiments of the late XIX first third of the XX centuries, the literary, scientific and philosophical projects of V. Khlebnikov andA. Bogdanov (Malinovsky) stand out as a humanistic solution to the problem of universal happiness. The aim of the study was to show the specifics of the utopian type of consciousness of both thinkers in the reflection of the concept of “Universality”, which is the key concept of social utopias, traditionally manifest ed in the global scale of utopian projects, inattention to the individual, national and total unification of life. With obvious originality of talent, innovation in finding the basis for building their idea of the Future, both thinkers were searching for a universal scientific basis for building the true happiness of mankind, because the idea of the universal required taking into account a huge number of factors. Possessing great knowledge in various scientific fields, relying on mathematical calculations, each of them went to build the Future in his own way: A. A. Bogdanov through management, the development of “universal organizational science” (“Red Star”, “Engineer Manny”, “Tectology”, etc.), V. Khlebnikov through the solution of the question of Time (“Zangezi”, “Destiny Boards”, etc.). Each of them sought to create his own Testament to contemporaries and descendants, opening the “cultural code” for a Happy Future. The rejection of the state was assessed as a natural and indispensable condition for the development of Mankind, and every nation (for Khlebnikov and every generation) was valuable for calculating the program of the Future. The scientific basis of utopian projects was needed by Khlebnikov and Bogdanov to eliminate the main obstacle to Univer sal happiness death and its expectation.