Nutrition characteristic of the Far North population and its optimization possibility by using local food raw materials

The aim of the study is to examine the dietary patterns of indigenous and migrant populations of the Far North, stipulated by harsh climatic conditions, traditional lifestyles, and dietary habits in the modern era. This study also explored possible ways to address the disruption to the structure and quality of nutrition through the use of local animal and plant materials in the design of fortified and specialized food products. A systematic search of scientific electronic library databases, including eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, PubMed, Mendelay, and others, was conducted, resulting in the selection of 78 sources for inclusion in the paper. It was established that prolonged exposure to the Far North leads to the development of a polar metabolic type of nutrition, in which, as a result of changes in the ratio of essential nutrients in the diet, a proteinlipid diet becomes the physiologically rational dietary pattern, replacing the proteincarbohydrate pattern traditionally found in the central and southern regions of the Russian Federation. An analysis of the diets of the indigenous and migrant populations revealed a significant disruption in the structure and quality of nutrition, including insufficient levels of vitamins A, D, E, K, C, and B vitamins, as well as minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, iodine, fluorine, and chromium. These were caused by a shortage of fresh fruits and vegetables, dependence on foods high in sugar, and a decrease in the consumption of traditional food products (reindeer herding, hunting, and fishing) with an increase in the consumption of readily available, biologically inferior foods. This leads to metabolic maladaptation of the body and increases the risk of developing nutritionrelated diseases. An analysis of literature data on the chemical composition of reindeer meat and wild berries (lingonberries, cranberries, blueberries, and rose hips) from various regions of the Far North indicates their value as sources of scarce biologically active substances, including those with high adaptogenic properties, which justifies their use in the development of food products that contribute to the adjustment of the diet of the population of the Far North.