Chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia

Chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia are rare myeloproliferative neoplasms that occur predominantly in the elderly, characterized by persistent neutrophilic leukocytosis, hypercellular bone marrow, and hepatosplenomegaly. Symptoms and clinical and laboratory manifestations of chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia are practically indistinguishable from chronic myeloid leukemia and the prognosis was also similar in the era before the introduction of targeted therapy. In recent years, significant progress has been made in deciphering the molecular genetic basis of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Molecular genetic diagnostic criteria have been introduced, and approaches to the use of targeted drugs have been developed. The article presents modern information about the diagnosis and treatment of chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia. A clinical case of atypical chronic myeloid leukemia is also presented.