Literary text in a linguistic and cultural perspective

This article considers a literary text in a linguistic and cultural perspective (based on the text of the novel "Johannisnacht" by the German writer Uve Timm). Special attention is paid to the linguistic realities of the historical period of the early 90s of the 20th century in their linguistic and cultural aspect. This epoch is reflected in the language at the level of units, which mark the value concepts of the nation's culture, political and ideological priorities, social frameworks of the interaction of representatives of various population groups in Germany and other European countries. The text of the novel reflects changes in the life of Berlin, which became the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany. To describe what is happening, the author of the novel uses a variety of realities, which are the main objects of analysis in this publication. The concept of reality is considered in a broad context and is interpreted as linguistic unit containing in their meaning the cultural component at the denotative or connotative level. The presence of realities in the literary text allows reflecting extralinguistic reality in the most reliable way, but requires knowledge of their significance from the recipient. Various semantic groups of the realities presented in the work of literature make it possible to describe various aspects of life, starting with the political and ideological value orientations of certain historical epochs, and ending with everyday life details of the eastern and western parts of the country. The presence of this information allows us to draw parallels between the past and the future, which makes the literary text a multifaceted source of material for research. It is created by the author and perceived by the recipient in the context of the interconnection and interpenetration of culture, language and thinking, the understanding of which reveals additional meanings inherent in the work of literature.