Ideas of individual freedom and responsibility in domestic and foreign cinema of the 60-80th of the XX century

Existential problematic becomes the semantic intension of cinematography in the 60-80th of XX century. The first of the main reasons of this process is the growing interest of both the cultural elite and the masses in the studying of the inner territory of consciousness (the boundaries of feelings, will, mind, the phenomena of freedom, life, death) which finds expression in new forms of music, theater, literature, painting and cinematography of 60-80th of XX century. The supplier of new themes and ideas mostly was the philosophy of the Frankfurt school (Freudian Marxism) and existentialism in this period. The tradition of the Frankfurt philosophy school worked in the social and cultural space as a catalyst for the process of awareness of the “mass man” himself as a “mass” and thereby influenced the development of personality in the direction of awareness of everyday existence. The second reason: the universal (imaginative, myth-like) way of presenting material in the format of cinema allowed any “mass” uneducated individual to realize himself as a mortal, free, ontologically lonesome, but also in connection with other beings through the mechanism of reverse mimesis. The natural identification of the “common man” with the artistic image in the cinema creates the effect of mass rethinking of life, the development of the idea of individual choice and transcendence of their place in the social and cultural space in the 60-80th of XX century. Because of the art of cinema there is a wide development of a new dimension of person in the mass culture: inner freedom in the semantic field of the dialogue between man and the symbols of culture, man and the images of his spiritual world, man and history.