India as seen by Bobur

Babur captured Kabul in 1504, at the age of 21, and settled there. He is engaged in the strengthening of his government in Afghanistan and creative work. Babur marched to India 5 times from 1519 to 1525 and in April 1526 defeated Ibrahim Lodi in a battle near the city of Panipat, captured the cities of Delhi and Agra, and established his rule in northern India. The main and main reason for the defeat of Ibrahim Lodi's army, which was several times superior to Babur's army in terms of numbers, was the political instability, feudal disunity and economic depression in northern India during this period. Nehru said, "The situation was further worsened by the fact that the abandoned religious belief and social order formed the basis of social life and stopped progress." Of course, Babur's victory was played by his many years of military experience, intelligence, new tactical methods (for example, the charging method), and the use of firearms. Thus, in 1525, Babur created a huge empire that united the territory from the Ganges to the Amudarya. This empire was further expanded during the reign of his successors Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shahja Khan and Aurangzeb, and became famous in the west under the name "Great Mongol

Empire". Babur himself lived on top of this state for only 5 years and died on December 26, 1530. In this short period of time, Babur managed to do many positive things despite his deteriorating health.

About Babur's activities in India and the role of the empire he created in the development of India, academician Vahid Zahidov says: "Babur's main service as a state and political figure in India is that he made some positive changes possible, and in many cases created the political unity necessary for the development of India." implemented, developed trade... It opened up an opportunity to a certain extent to develop the economy, trade, culture in the country, to expand and strengthen the intellectual circle of people, including the economic, political and cultural relations between Russia and Central Asia and India, which brought a lot of benefits to India. The empire he built became one of the means connecting India with Central Asia and Russia." But as in Babur's activities in other lands, in his activities in India, the character and characteristics of the representative of the ruling class are also shown.

As the famous Russian critic, revolutionary democrat N. G. Chernyshevsky said: "In addition to the importance of a certain person in our eyes as a separate person, he is a representative of the class to which he belongs politically and socially." Being a representative of the feudal class, Babur did not and could not change the existing social order in India. In addition, Babur's begs and officials conducted their military campaigns under the banner of Islam, under the slogan of Islamizing the peoples of other religions, and massacred those who did not convert to Islam. Jawaharlal Nehru, the great statesman of India, says about this: "Babur's army chiefs treated people of other faiths cruelly. They even cut off the heads of captives, including princes, officials, priests and other dignitaries, and made minarets out of their heads." Such behavior of Babur and his officials in India cannot be justified, of course. These actions are a manifestation of the conflict between the poet and scholar

Babur and the Timurid king Babur. Because the kingship would leave its shadow on humanity and human qualities in his soul. He could not understand the suffering he suffered as a king from a social-class phenomenon. His humanity was limited. However, the empire founded by Babur was beneficial to India in terms of political integration, beautification and cultural upliftment of the country to some extent. Marx and Engels compared the British rule in India with the Babur dynasty and noted that the latter played a positive role in Indian history. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of the Republic of India, in his works "Discovery of India" and "A Glimpse of World History" gives high praise to Babur and his grandson Akbar. For example, in his work "The Discovery of India", he writes: "Babur was a charming person, a typical ruler of the Renaissance, a brave and enterprising man. He loved art, literature, and enjoyed life. His grandson Akbar was even more charming and possessed many good qualities. He was a brave, courageous, talented commander, compassionate, compassionate, idealistic and dreamer, and at the same time, he was a man who was active and worked to earn the social loyalty of those who continued his work. As a warlord, he conquered a vast territory of India, but he had in mind to win a more lasting victory than this, that is, to win the minds and hearts of the people. According to the Portuguese Nezuites who were in Akbar's palace, his appearance was charming, and "his eyes shone like a sea lit by the sun." Akbar revived the ancient dream of an all-India united only politically into one state, which had been fantasized since ancient times. In his palace, you could meet people of different religious beliefs, who expressed new ideas, opinions or discovered news. He even tried to establish a general synthetic religion that would satisfy everyone. Cultural influences between Hindus and Muslims in North India had also progressed somewhat during his time. Akbar himself was, of course, as popular among the Hindus as he was among the Muslims.

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